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Chemistry > Sytheric Routes > Flashcards

Sytheric Routes Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane->haloalkane

A

X2
UV Light
Free radical substitution reaction

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2
Q

Haloalkane ->amine

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia
Heat
Nucleophillic substitution

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3
Q

Haloalkane ->nitrile

A

NaCN/KCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Nucleophillic substitution

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4
Q

Haloalkane ->alcohol

A

Warm NaOH/KOH
H2O
Reflux
Nucleophillic substitution

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5
Q

Nitrile ->carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl
Reflux
Hydrolysis

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6
Q

Alcohol ->Ester

A 
Carboxylic acid
Acid catalyst
Heat
OR acyl chloride
OR acid anhydride
Hydrolysis
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7
Q

Alkene ->alcohol

A

Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300°c 60-70 atm pressure

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8
Q

Alcohol ->aldehyde/ketone

A 
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Heat
Distill primary alcohol for aldehyde
Reflux secondary for ketone
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9
Q

Aldehyde ->carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux primary alcohol

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10
Q

Hydroxynitrile ->carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl

Reflux

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11
Q

Acyl Chloride ->carboxylic acid

A

Cold H2O

Nucleophillic addition elimination

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12
Q

Acyl chloride ->amide

A

(Primary amide) NH3 20°c

(Secondary amide) amine 20°c

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13
Q

Acyl chloride ->Ester

A

Alcohol 20°c

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14
Q

Carboxylic acid ->Ester

A

Alcohol
Acid catalyst
Heat

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15
Q

Aldehyde/ketone ->alcohol

A 
NaBH4
H2O
Aldehyde-primary
Ketone-secondary
Reduction
Nucleophillic addition
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16
Q

Alkene ->Dihaloalkane

A

X2
20°c
Electrophilic addition

17
Q

Nitrile ->amine

A 
LiAlH4
Dilute H+
Or Na and Ethanol (reflux)
Or H2,Ni/Pt catalyst high temp pressure
reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation
18
Q

Hydroxynitrile ->amine

A 
LiAlH4
Dilute H+
Or Na and Ethanol (reflux)
Or H2,Ni/Pt catalyst high temp pressure
reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation
19
Q

Alcohol ->haloalkane

A

NaX
H2SO4
20°c
Substitution

20
Q

Alkene ->haloalkane

A

HX 20°c

Electrophilic addition

21
Q

Alkene ->alkane

A

H2
Ni catalyst
150°c
Electrophilic addition

22
Q

Aldehyde/ketone ->hydroxynitrile

A

HCN

Nucleophillic addition

23
Q

Ester ->alcohol

A

Dilute acid/alkali
Reflux
Hydrolysis

24
Q

Carboxylic acid ->acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

25
Q

Ester ->carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid/alkali

Reflux

Chemistry (2 decks)

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