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Welfare Policy > SW 205 > Flashcards

SW 205 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of micro social work?

A

Examples: Assisting with housing, health care and social services, family therapy, individual counseling (mental health issues, substance abuse, etc.)

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2
Q

Examples of mezzo social work?

A

community organizing, management of a social work organization or focus on institutional or cultural change

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3
Q

examples of Macro social work?

A

Lobbying to change health care law, organizing state-wide or national activist group, large scale national policy change

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4
Q

PLANNED CHANGE STEPS

A 
Step 1: Engagement
Step 2: Assessment
Step 3: Planning
Step 4: Implementation
Step 5: Evaluation
eventually termination
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5
Q

COMMON ETHICAL DILEMMAS

A

Self-Determination versus Protection
Confidentiality versus Prevention of Harm
Obligation to Client versus Agency Policy

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6
Q

Social Construct

A

Focuses on how meaning is created
Meaning, phenomenon or category created and assigned to people, objects and events
Not a reality - constructed by society
Existence of difference requires collective agreement and acceptance that it exists

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7
Q

Internalized Oppression

A

Member of a stereotyped group may internalize the stereotypical categories about his or her own group to some degree

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8
Q

Institutionalized Oppression

A

Occurs when established laws, customs, and practices systematically produce inequities based on one’s membership in targeted social identity groups

If oppressive consequences result due to institutional laws, customs, or practices, the institution is oppressive whether or not the individuals maintaining those practices have oppressive intentions.

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9
Q

Ethnocentrism:

A

belief one’s ethnic group is inherently superior to other groups

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10
Q

Xenophobia

A

fear of all things foreign including people originating from other countries; foundation of anti-immigration movement

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11
Q

Intersectionality

A

Theory that overlapping social identities (race, gender, sexual orientation, class, disability, etc.) contribute to the specific type of systemic oppression and discrimination experienced by an individual
Not just about identities; it is about the institutions that use identity to exclude

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12
Q

PRIVATE VERSUS PUBLIC NONPROFIT

A

Private: funds received from private sources

Public: majority of revenue from government

Neither exists to make a profit

Both provide services or promote public benefit, philanthropic or charitable causes

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13
Q

Examples of nonprofits focused on aid to members

A

Nonprofits focused on aid to members

Labor Unions
Veterans organizations
Other fraternal organizations
Donations not tax deductible

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14
Q

What do we measure stand of living with

A

Standard of LivingGross Domestic Product (GDP):

Indicator of country’s economic health

Total dollar value of all goods and services produced

Unemployment Rate: number of unemployed divided by employed

ECONOMIC MEASURES

Nation’s Health
Teen pregnancy percentages
Child abuse and neglect statistics
Infant mortality rates
Quality of Life
Graduation v. school dropout rate
Literacy statistics
Adult and juvenile crime rates
Voter registration and turnout
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15
Q

ELIZABETHAN POOR LAW 1620

A

Early settlers brought law to America

First legislation providing consistent support from local taxes to those in need

Three categories eligible for relief:
Able-bodied poor people
Impotent poor – unemployable due to physical and/or mental health

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16
Q

Deserving vs Underserving

A

Worthy or impotent poor incapable of work (orphans, widows, frail elders and mentally or physically impaired) and perhaps deserving of aid

Unworthy poor or paupers (sturdy beggars—able-bodied adults in poverty); “drunkards, shiftless, lazy

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17
Q

PAUPERISM (1600s)

A

Pauper defined as extremely poor, dependent on public assistance or charityWhite paupers receive assistanceLittle assistance available to African and Native Americans

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18
Q

How were paupers dealt with?

A

Paupers dealt with in three ways:
Auctioned off to lowest bidder
Contracting with someone in the community for their care (lump sum)
Outdoor Relief through Overseer of the Poor

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19
Q

VIEW OF CHILDREN UNTIL 1870S

A

Innately evil and lazy

Supervision and work necessary

Apprenticeships

Connection with family & stability

Discipline & learn to be good citizens

Community saved cost of their care

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20
Q

OVERSEERS OF POOR in 1622

A

Each ward elected four to:
Administer to needs of poor
Decide who was worthy or unworthy
Collect taxes from parish members
Help to distribute outdoor relief to deserving poor
Identify people to be sent to workhouse
Remove children from homes not beneficial to health, safety and well-being

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21
Q

Indoor relief

A

Charitable institutions began in 1620s

Often referred to as almshouses

Contained unemployed adults, orphaned children, adults too old to work & individuals with mental illness or disabilities

Indoor relief believed to be cheaper than outdoor relief

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22
Q

GOALS OF POORHOUSES

A

Preventing starvation
Deterring pauperism

Minimizing public relief costs

Rehabilitating the poor person

Preventing pauper children from becoming pauper adults

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23
Q

Poorhouse Issues

A

Indoor relief viewed as contributing to idleness and crime – not regulated until after 1860’s

Poorhouse conditions horrible

No decrease in unworthy poor

Costly as Outdoor Relief still needed

Overtime took in both worthy & unworthy poor

Had separate entrances for these two groups and referred to as poorhouse (unworthy) and workhouse (worthy)

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24
Q

Workhouses in the 1820’s

A

Eventually workhouses built separately from poorhouses

Government and private groups began delivering poor relief

Indoor relief: places for undeserving poor

Protestant Work EthicWork combined with religious instruction

WORKHOUSES (1820ss)
Social advocates lobbied government policymakers for separate institution

Between 1844 and 1850, number of people residing in Poorhouses decreased

Government reversed position: institutionalization reduced self-reliance
REACTIONS TO POORHOUSE

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25
Q

Immigration

A

10 million immigrated to U.S. in 25 years after Civil War (Germany, Ireland & England)

Immigrants arriving in search of jobs, land, & opportunity were successful

Another 17 million immigrated in next 25 years

After 1880s most came from Italy, Poland, Russia & Greece

By 1915, 58% in iron and steel industry; 69% in clothing industry

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26
Q

She constructed the foundations for the scientific methodology development of professional social work. She searched for the causes of poverty and social exclusion in the interaction between an individual and his or her environment. She is considered a principle founder of the profession of social work and the importance of professional education.

A

Mary Richmond (1861-1928)

Scientific philanthropy

~Observation
~Information gathering
~Documentation

Referred out to appropriate agencies

Friendly Visitors

CHARITY ORGANIZATION
SOCIETIES (1870-1890’s)

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27
Q

SETTLEMENT HOUSES

A

Private nonprofit organizations

In poor inner-city neighborhoods to promote social welfare of community

Middle-class reformers, often women (70%), reside and undertake reform work in surrounding neighborhoods

Offered middle class women chance to live in a female-dominated space, independent of familial control

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28
Q

Settlement house goals

A

Promote social integration

Facilitate functioning of immigrant groups adapting to industrial life

Encourage cooperation among classes in promoting social welfare

29
Q

SETTLEMENT HOUSES in Chicago

A

Jane Addams; Ellen Starr – Hull House founded in a Chicago neighborhood in 1889

~Kindergarten, coffee house, gymnasium

Henry Street Settlement, founded in 1893 in New York City by Lillian Wald

30
Q

Three R’s of settlement house work:

A

Residence, Research and Reform

31
Q

Madison settlement house

A

Community House established in 1916 on Mound Street to serve Greenbush neighborhood where Italian immigrant population resided

Moved to Park Street & became Neighborhood House

Moved to West Washington and then to current location on Mills Street

32
Q

HOUNMENOU (2012)

Oppositional Consciousness

A

Definition: “attitudes and disposition of members of a dominated community to challenge injustice and oppression”

Empowering state of mind and behavior

Comes from feelings of “frustration, inequity and indignity”

Develops from an awareness of “shared identify of subordination”

Shared commitment to end oppression

Geographically segregated (free space) needed

33
Q

BLACK SETTLEMENT HOUSE

A

African American women involved in reform efforts, mostly independent of white women

Hundreds of thousands of African Americans migrated from South to North & from rural to urban areas

Employment moved from agriculture to factories and domestic servants

34
Q

BSH: LIMITED AUTONOMY

A

Required use of White Settlement Houses policies and programs

Black clients were served by Black staff but Board of Directors was White

Purpose of creating these BSHs was social control over growing Black community

Still provided environment for oppositional consciousness to grow

35
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) created in

A

1909 for protection of African American rights

36
Q

National Urban League created in

A

in 1911 to assist African Americans moving north from the South with employment and adjustment

37
Q

Pension programs initiated in

A

1911-1919 to assist single mother; first financial assistance programs for mothers with dependent children

38
Q

1920 19th amendment passed

A

Granting women the right to vote

39
Q

BOARDING SCHOOLS

A

Est. by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

Teach private property, material wealth and monogamous nuclear families

Motto: “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”

Eradicate cultural identity: white haircuts, white clothes and white names

Severe discipline and sexual assault

40
Q

Indian parents fought what?

A

1893 ruling kept children in boarding schools

1978 Indian Child Welfare Act: Indian parents gained legal right to deny children’s placement in off-reservation schools

41
Q

In 1890s, she denounced lynching in the press and lectured around the country

Helped found black women’s clubs focused on health, sanitation, education, and woman suffrage

A

Ida B. Wells Barnett

42
Q

In 1896, black women’s clubs joined to form National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (NACW) under her leadership

NACW Motto “Lifting as We Climb.”

A

Mary Church Terrel

43
Q

In 1901, became first American woman bank president

Also, headed one of the largest and most successful black mutual benefit societies

A

Maggie Lena Walker

44
Q

In 1908, founded and ran one of the most effective black women’s clubs: Neighborhood Union (NU) in Atlanta

NU divided city into districts & zones, effectively reaching almost every black

A

LUGENIA BURNS HOPE

45
Q

In 1909 founded National Trade and Professional School for Women and Girls, located in DC

School provided vocational training for African-American females

A

Nannie Helen Burrough

46
Q

Founded National Council of Negro Women (1935) to improve racial conditions nationally and internationally

Founded Bethune-Cookman Institute (1925) – a historic black university

A

Mary Mcleod Bethune

47
Q

In 1911, first Indian rights organization created and run by Indians: the Society of American Indians (SAI)

Dakota Sioux Charles Alexander Eastman founding member of Society of American Indians.

Worked for better education, civil rights and healthcare

A

Red Progressives

48
Q

The Great Depression

A

Deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn history of the Western industrialized world

October, 29, 1929: stock market crashed and wiped out millions of investors

New Poverty: middle- and upper-income families who were plunged into poverty

49
Q

32nd President

Elected in 1932 and served 1933-1945 (four terms)

1933 GD reached lowest point

13 to 15 million Americans unemployed

Nearly half of country’s banks failed

Roosevelt sought to lessen the i

A

FDR

50
Q

U.S. Secretary of Labor (1933-1945)

A

Frances Perkins

51
Q

Rather than blame patients for deviant behavior, view as adaptive response to environmental stressors

Argued problems are symptoms

Great Depression: Reynolds and other social workers advocated for structural change in economic and political societal institutions

A

RADICAL SOCIAL WORKER

Bertha Capen Reynolds
1907-1994

52
Q

Radical social work

A

Operates from a diminished power base while trying to empower others

Work collectively on social causes

Can never be entirely free from some control of outside interests: community interests may be at odds with individual’s interest

Be explicit about conflicting interests

Must always be aware of social class and differences that exists between those with wealth and power, and those without

Must be involved in political action to bridge clinical work and policy, planning & administration.

53
Q

This was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

A

Brown versus the Board of Education 1954

54
Q

“Our aim is not only to relieve the symptoms of poverty, but to cure it and, above all, to prevent it.”

A

1964 State of Union address stated

55
Q

RADICAL SOCIAL WORKER

A

Rather than blame patients for deviant behavior, view as adaptive response to environmental stressors

Argued problems are symptoms

Great Depression: Reynolds and other social workers advocated for structural change in economic and political societal institutions

56
Q

Amendments to Social Security Act 1965

A

Medicaid
Health insurance for individuals who are poor
Funded by federal government with state match
Medicare
Health insurance program for elders
Financed by a tax on employee earnings matched by employer contributions
Hospital insurance for 65+ (Part A)
Supplementary medical insurance for doctor & other health care bills (Part B)

57
Q

Administration on Aging (Federal level)

State Units on Aging

Local Area Agencies on Aging

Supports a range of home and community-based services for 60 and older, such as meals-on-wheels

A

Older Americans Act 1965

58
Q

Job Corps (free education & training)

 Volunteers in Service To America - VISTA program (national service program to eliminate poverty)

 Federal work-study program

 Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), arm of White House responsible for implementing War on Poverty created the Head Start program

A

Economic Opportunity Act

1965

59
Q

Prohibited employment discrimination in organizations receiving federal money

Created an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission with power to file lawsuits on behalf of aggrieved workers

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion or sex

Called for desegregation of public facilities

Promoted voting rights for black citizens

Paved way for Voting Rights Act of 1965, which prohibited discriminatory voting practices

60
Q

Reconstruction amendments

A

13th Amendment prohibited slavery (1865)
14th Amendment barred states from denying “equal protection of the laws” (1868)
15th Amendment established the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of race (1870)

61
Q

Right to vote time line

A

 1870-1890: Black men voted

 1890’s: Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation in the South

 1890-1965: voting by African Americans low (only 6.3% in Mississippi in 1965)

 1920 Women given right to vote

 1957 all states no longer bar Native

62
Q

The great conciliator (worked on employment discrimination and was a civil rights activist)

A

Whitney Young Jr

63
Q

Community Organizer

A

Ana Dumois

64
Q

The median of a density curve is always the point that divides the area under the curve in half. T or F

A

True

65
Q

A low value of correlation coefficient r^2 indicates that a large proportion of the variation in y remains unexplained by the regression.

A

True

66
Q

Lurking variable are one reason we cannot infer causality from an association among two variables

A

True

67
Q

The height of a density curve for a range of values gives the proportion of observations that fall under the density curve for that range of values

A

False

68
Q

If a histogram has a bar that is taller than the others bars then this suggests that the distribution is skewed

A

False

Welfare Policy (8 decks)

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