Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOS Lecture Slides > Surgical Infections > Flashcards

Surgical Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What local factors impact the infection outcome?

A
  • anatomical site
  • mucosal barriers
  • local immune response (acute inflammation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What does the infection outcome depend on?

A
  • virulence of the organism involved
  • host resistance to infection (local and systemic)
  • local anatomy (fascial spaces)
  • treatment of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What systemic factors affect the infection outcome?

A

(immune status)
* age of host
* stress
* pregnancy
* underlying host pathology e.g. neoplastic illness
* nutritional state of host
* type of drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the local signs of infection that are present upon examination?

A
  • pain
  • redness
  • tenderness
  • swelling- firm/fluctuant
  • sinus
  • pus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What systemic signs can be examined in suspected infection?

A
  • temperature
  • malaise
  • fatigue
  • pulse
  • respiratory rate
  • lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the state of the pulp in infections of periapical Vs periodontal origin

A

Periodontal: pulp usually vital
Periapical pulp usually non-vital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is swelling present in infection of periapical VS periodontal origin?

A

Periapical: tenderness or swelling over apex
Periodontal: swelling near gingival margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the mobility experienced in infection of periapical VS periodontal origin

A

Periapical: mobility is late
Periodontal: mobility is early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is radiolucency present in infection of periapical VS periodontal origin ?

A

Periapical: periapical radiolucency
Periodondal: lateral radiolucency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the result of the percussive test of an infection of periapical VS periodontal origin

A

Periapical: TTP +++
Periodontal: TTP +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 stages of infection?

A
  • inoculation
  • cellulitis
  • abscess
  • rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline the fascial spaces of the neck

A
  • retropharyngeal space
  • danger space
  • prevetebral space
  • carotid space
  • infrahyoid fascial space
  • pretracheal space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cellulitis can progress into…

A

an abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of cellulitis ?

A
  • 3-7 days duration
  • severe and generalised pain
  • large size
  • diffuse localisation
  • hard on palpation
  • tender appearance
  • reddened skin
  • thickened surface
  • hot and severe loss of function
  • semi sangeuineous fluid
  • mixed bacteria
  • severe seriousness level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of an abscess?

A
  • duration over a 5 day period
  • moderate and localised pain
  • small in size
  • circumscribed location
  • fluctuant and tender on palpation
  • periphery is reddened on appearance
  • centrally undermined on the skin
  • moderately heated on skin temp
  • moderately severe loss of function
  • pus filled
  • moderate degree of seriousness
  • anaerobic bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What special investigations are appropriate for a suspected surgical infection ?

A
  • vitality
  • TTP
  • Mobility
  • radiograph
  • culture and sensitivity (to determine Abx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of penicillin is now recommended for anaerobic bacteria?

A

Penicillin V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Irreversible pulpitis can lead to…

A
  • pulpal necrosis —> periapical inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What symptoms are associated with reversible pulptis?

A
  • poorly localised pain
  • follows stimulation
  • short duration
  • non spontaneous
  • relieved with analgesiics
  • not kept awake
  • tooth remains vital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What symptoms are associated with irreversible pulpitis ?

A
  • pain poorly localised
  • continuous pain
  • spontaneous
  • analgesics ineffective
  • kept awake
  • tooth non vital?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms of acute periapical periodontitis?

A
  • severe pain
  • well localised
  • swelling or redness at apex
  • elevation of tooth
  • pain on biting
  • very TTP
  • non-vital
  • mobile?
  • radiographic appearance?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic infection (granuloma/cyst) ?

A
  • often asymptomatic
  • egg shell crackling
  • radiopacity
  • usually not TTP
  • tooth may be mobile
  • draining sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute periapical periodontitis can develop into…

A

periapical abscess (supparation) –> spread (alveolar abscess) —> subperiosteal —-> drain into mouth or spread into fascial spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is trismus?

A

inability to open the mouth widely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the cause of trismus?

A

inflammation of muscles of mastication

inflammation in masticator /pterogomandibular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a potential consequence of trismus?

A
  • difficult intubation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What precludes/prevents a diagnosis of significant sublingual space infection?

A

the ability to protrude tongue to or beyond the vermillion border of the upper lip

27
Q

Difficulty swallowing upon physical evaluation is indicative of …

A

pharyngeal swelling

28
Q

Head deviation to the opposite side is indicatibe of infection in…

A

lateral pharyngeal space

29
Q

Muffled voice is indicative of infection in …

A

epiglottis

30
Q

Elevated tongue is indicative of an infection in …

A

sublingual space

31
Q

A distant quality to the voice is indicative of infection in…

A

retropharyngeal/lateral pharyngeal space

32
Q

Sniffing position on physical evaluation is indicative of infection in…

A

retropharyngeal space

33
Q

State one sign of an airway infection

A

difficulty sleeping supine

34
Q

What are the principles of management of odontogenic infection ?

A
  • diagnosis
  • control infection and pain
  • remove cause
  • review
  • consider referral
35
Q

Outline ways in which abscesses can be drained

A
  • through tooth
  • hiltons method
36
Q

What is the main benefit of using Hiltons method of drainage?

A

avoids scarring as it often follows the natural rupture pattern of the abscess

37
Q

Outline the procedure for draining an abscess

A
  • find the most dependent point of the abscess
  • incise through the mucosa and periosteum; avoiding vital strucuture
  • blunt dissection fot break down locules of pus
  • place a rubber drain if necessary
38
Q

The buccal space is a _________ space

A

subcutaneous

39
Q

Where does the buccal space connect to ?

A
  • infraorbital space
  • periorbital tissues
  • superficial tempiral space ]
40
Q

When is hemophilus influenza cellultitis most commonly experienced?

A
  • in children
  • in people who have experienced recent upper respiratory tract infection/sinusiti
41
Q

Why shouldnt we drain abscesses in buccal space?

A
  • you would have to cut through muscle
  • this will increased fibrotic healing risk leading to impaired functon
42
Q

The submental space is a ______ space found…

A

subcutaneous space
found under the mylohyoid muscle

43
Q

Cutaneous drainage requires ________

A

a tube

tube drainage for cutaneous infection is a must

44
Q

What fascial spaces are involved in Ludwigs angina?

A

submandibular spaces bilaterally and submental space in midline

45
Q

Ludwigs anginal can rapidly spread to what fascial spaces?

A
  • lateral pharyngeal space
  • retropharyngeal space
46
Q

What is a serious complication of ludwigs angina?

A

rapid obstruction of upper airway

47
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of ludwigs angina?

A
  • mouth pain
  • stiff neck
  • drooling
  • dysphagia-difficulty swallowing
  • no trismus
  • woodly inflammation (stiff neck)
  • no lymph node involvement
  • protruding tongue
48
Q

What causes the tongue to protrude in ludwigs angina?

A

the swelling in the submandibular spaces pushes the floor of the mouth

49
Q

How will an infection in the infraorbital space appear?

A
  • swelling in lower eyelid
  • peri-orbital swelling
50
Q

Infraorbital infections can point either _______ or ________

A
  • medially (inner canthus of eye)
  • laterally (lateral canthus of the eye)
51
Q

Infection in the infraorbital space can lead to …

A

septic thrombophlebitis of the angular vein

clotting in angular vein

52
Q

Septic thrombophlebitis of the angular vein can be transported to…

A

cavernous sinus

53
Q

What are the signs of osteomyelitis ?

A
  • fever
  • anorexia
  • dehydration
  • occassional convulsion/vomiting
  • redness
  • edema of the eye
  • intracanthal swelling
  • proptosis
  • sinus will develop
54
Q

What is Garres osteomyelitis?

A

proliferative periostitis in response to infection

55
Q

How is Garres osteomyelitis characterised ?

A

formation of hard bony swelling of the jaw

56
Q

Garres osteomyelitis is more common in the …

A

mandible

mandible >maxilla

57
Q

What are the signs of Garres osteomyelitis?

A
  • hyper pyrexia
  • leucocytosis (increase in white cell number)
  • lymphadenopathy
58
Q

What are the radiographic findings of Garres osteomyelitis ?

A

onion skin appearance of bony swelling in the jaw

59
Q

The type of osteomyelitis is dependent on …

A

the presence or absence of seperation

60
Q

What are the types of osteomyelitis?

A
  • suppurative
  • non suppurative
61
Q

What are the types of suppurative osteomyelitis?

A
  • acute suppurative osteo
  • chronic suppurative osteo
62
Q

Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis is classified into…

A
  • primary and secondary
63
Q

Give examples of non suppurative osteomyelitis

A
  • chronic non-suppurative
  • garres sclerosing osteomyelitis
64
Q

Chronic non suppurative osteomyelitis includes…

A
  • focal sclerosing and radiation osteomyelitis
  • diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis

MOS Lecture Slides (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions