SURGCOM1 Flashcards by Taylor Arciola

The surgical consent can be witnessed by each of the following except

A) the surgeon

B) a nurse

C) an authorized hospital employee

D) the patient’s spouse

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A criteria that identifies, measures, monitors, and evaluates patient care is

A) Audits

B) automated information systems

C) quality control circles

D) quality assurance programs

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Diminished cardiac and urinary output, hypotension, and tachycardia are signs of:

A) pseudocholinesterase deficiency syndrome

B) disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

C) malignant hyperthermia

D) shock

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What type of procedure or care provides a terminal patient with symptom relief or avoidance and improves quality of the remaining life expectancy?

A) definitive

B) palliative

C) supportive

D) therapeutic

B) palliative

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In 2004, which of the following agencies created the “Do Not Use” abbreviation list?

A) the Joint Commission (JC)

B) American Medical Association (AMA)

C) Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN)

D) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A) the Joint Commission (JC)

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The circle of Willis is a:

A) network of connected arteries at the base of the brain

B) structure of supporting connective tissue for the brain

C) complex neural network that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

D) series of channels and foramina within the cerebrospinal fluid network of the brain

A) network of connected arteries at the base of the brain

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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A) 6

B) 8

C) 10

D) 12

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The doctrine of Respondeat Superior refers to

A) the legal terms for assault and battery

B) invasion of privacy

C) employer liability for employee’s negligent conduct

D) professional misconduct

C) employer liability for employee’s negligent conduct

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The lack of care or skill that anyone in the same situation would be expected to use is the legal definition of:

A) Tort

B) malpractice

C) negligence

D) iatrogenic injury

C) negligence

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Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body

A) rejects drugs

B) reacts to drugs

C) process by which drugs move through the body

D) responds to drugs

C) process by which drugs move through the body

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Surgical team members who fail to monitor and protect a medicated patient from falling could be charged with:

A) abandonment

B) assault

C) battery

D) larceny

A) abandonment

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Heparin effects are reversed by

A) pitocin

B) phenylephrine

C) protamine sulfate

D) procainamide Hcl

C) protamine sulfate

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An intravenous infusion that improves circulation, stimulates renal activity, and is a physiologic salt solution is

A) Ringer’s lactate

B) mannitol

C) normal saline

D) dextrose,5%,in saline

A) Ringer’s lactate

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Posterior fossa craniectomy is performed for pathology involving the:

A) cerebellum

B) frontal lobe

C) parietal lobe

D) lateral ventricles

A) cerebellum

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Which of the following needs identified by Maslow would likely be MOST prominent in a surgical patient’s mind?

A) esteem

B) love and belonging

C) safety

D) self-actualization

C) safety

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Which surgical procedure treats compression of the median nerve by a transverse ligament?

A) anterior cervical diskectomy

B) carpal tunnel release

C) lumbar laminectomy

D) rhizotomy

B) carpal tunnel release

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What is the largest part of the human brain?

A) brain stem

B) cerebellum

C) cerebrum

D) diencephalon

C) cerebrum

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A sedative-tranquilizer used to reduce anxiety and apprehension of the pre-op patient and as an adjunct to general anesthesia to reduce the amount and concentration of other more potent agents is

A) Valium

B) Marzicon

C) Anectine

D) Demerol

A) Valium

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An antibiotic used intraoperatively is

A) Diazepam

B) Ketoralac

C) Cyclogyl

D) Gentamicin

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What instrument is used to excise the laminae overlying the herniated disc during its removal in a laminectomy procedure?

A) Cloward

B) Leksell

C) Kerrison

D) Beckman-Adson

C) Kerrison

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The headrest used for neurosurgical cases is called the ?

A) Mayfield

B) Penfield

C) Penrose

D) Raney

A) Mayfield

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Incomplete closure of the spine is

A) scoliosis

B) intervertebral disc disease

C) subdural hematoma

D) spina bifida

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The apothecary system of measurement based weight measurement on a grain of:

A) bran

B) rice

C) sand

D) wheat

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A method of anesthesia in which medication is injected into the subarachnoid space, affecting a portion of the spinal cord, is called a

A) Bier block

B) field block

C) nerve block

D) spinal block

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Methods or routes used to administer general anesthesia include A) endotracheal, MAC B) inhalation, intravenous C) rapidd infusion pump, automatic ventilation system D) all of the above

B) inhalation, intravenous

During general anesthesia, exhaled CO2 is absorbed by A) soda lime reservoir B) vaporizer C) ventilator D) breathing bag

A) soda lime reservoir

Dorsal sympathectomy entails removal of which of the following chains of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? A) Thoracolumbar B) Cervicothoracic C) Lumbar D) Cervical

B) Cervicothoracic

Neuroleptoanalgesia combines A) a narcotic and an anticholinergic B) a tranquilizer and narcotic C) an anti-inflammatory and a tranquilizer D) a muscle relaxant and a tranquilizer

B) a tranquilizer and narcotic

A terminally ill patient whose advance directive is to refuse any life-saving efforts by health care workers is choosing which type of euthanasia? A) active B) involuntary C) passive D) voluntary

C) passive

Diagnostic test used to measure electrical activities of the brain is A) electrocardiogram B) myelogram C) electromyography D) electroencephalogram

D) electroencephalogram

Teratogenic results fall into which category of medication effects? A) addiction B) adverse C) therapeutic D) toxic

D) toxic

Contrast media for radiographic studies include A) barium sulfate B) Conray C) Isovue D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The drug used to treat malignant hypothermia is A) dantrolene B) levophed C) depomedrol D) digoxin

A) dantrolene

When using the perforator to create burr holes, heat is counteracted by A) irrigating drill site as hole is drilled B) surrounding the area with cool lap pads C) dipping perforator in water D) working quickly, stopping often

A) irrigating drill site as hole is drilled

Steroids are used for A) reduction of fluid in body B) reduction of body’s need for oxygen C) reduction of tissue inflammation and swelling D) reduction of uterine constriction and contraction

C) reduction of tissue inflammation and swelling

Craniosynostosis is a congenital defect involving: A) blocked ventricular passages B) failure of neural tube closure C) pituitary hormone imbalances D) premature cranial suture closure

D) premature cranial suture closure

Which measurement method is used to determine end tidal volume of expired carbon dioxide? A) capnography B) oximetry C) spirometry D) tomography

A) capnography

Anesthesia given in a combination of several agents to obtain optimum results is called A) regional anesthesia B) general anesthesia C) conduction anesthesia D) balanced anesthesia

D) balanced anesthesia

Fiducials placed on bony landmarks are used in which type of neurosurgical procedure? A) transsphenoidal hypophysectomy B) insertion of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt C) stereotactic guided-imagery biopsy D) selective facet rhizotomy

C) stereotactic guided-imagery biopsy

A fatal disease of the nervous system that is caused by a prion (unfectious protein) which cannot be destroyed by normal disinfection and sterilization is A) Parkinsons disease B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease C) Meniere disease D) hydrocephalus

B) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The legal document signed by the patient before surgery is A) operative report B) safe medical act C) ethical policy D) informed consent

D) informed consent

The patient has received preoperative medication. The action to be taken when this patient complains of dry mouth (thirst) and requests water would be to A) provide the patient with unlimited water for thorough hydration B) restrict water to 2 ounces C) restrict fluids completely and explain the reason for action of medication D) report to the surgeon immediately

C) restrict fluids completely and explain the reason for action of medication

Which of the following is NOT a form of individual professional credentialing that protects the public from unqualified health care providers? A) accreditation B) certification C) licensure D) registration

A) accreditation

To effect hemostasis during a neurosurgical procedure, small pieces of gelfoam are cut into several different sizes and soaked in A) saline B) Avitene C) topical thrombin D) hydrogen peroxide

C) topical thrombin

Which area of concern or fear would MOST likely be the main focus for a teenage patient having surgery? A) abandonment B) body image C) insurance coverage D) mortality

B) body image

Which of the following is an example of an intentional tort pertaining to surgical patient care? A) A patient suffers a burn due to hot instruments. B) Restraints are used on a patient who threatens to leave. C) A tissue specimen is misplaced by a transporter. D) A retained surgical sponge is discovered in subsequent procedure.

B) Restraints are used on a patient who threatens to leave.

The legal rule broken when a surgical team member discloses information about a patient which he or she learned in the operating room is: A) invasion of privacy B) doctrine of reasonable man C) iatrogenic injury D) primum non nocere

A) invasion of privacy

A drug used to constrict the pupil during intraocular lens(IOL) insertion as well as during cataract surgery is A) Wydase B) mannitol C) Chymar D) Miochol

D) Miochol

An antimuscarinic A) controls pain B) prevents nausea C) limits salivation D) reverses muscle relaxation

C) limits salivation

Which of the following terms best describes the process of keeping thorough, accurate, and legal records of a patient’s medical care? A) accountability B) consent C) documentation D) liability

C) documentation

Penfield #1 through #5 are: A) aneurysm clips B) dissectors C) drill bits D) scalp clips

B) dissectors

Which type of legal action is MOST likely in cases involving tort law and operating room personnel? A) civil B) criminal C) federal D) statutory

A) civil

The drug that decreases the tendency of blood platelets to clot is A) warfarin sodium B) Diazepam C) Ativan D) Versed

A) warfarin sodium

Which type of drug is used to treat possible postoperative nausea and vomiting? A) anti-arrhythmic B) antiemetic C) antihistamine D) antimuscarinic

B) antiemetic

Which of the following procedures would be surgical treatment for an elderly patient’s psychological dissatisfaction with his or her appearance? A) blepharoplasty and rhytidectomy B) laparoscopic cholecystectomy C) transurethral resection of prostate D) extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A) blepharoplasty and rhytidectomy

Ancef, Kefzol, and Keflex are brand names for which category of antibiotic/anti-infective agents? A) aminoglycosides B) anti-amebicides C) cephalosporins D) penicillins

C) cephalosporins

A drug used to treat metabolic acidosis is A) Inderal B) Pronestyl C) sodium bicarbonate D) Isuprel

C) sodium bicarbonate

Which member of the surgical team is ultimately responsible for obtaining a written, informed surgical consent from a patient? A) anesthesia provider B) circulating RN C) surgeon D) surgical technologist

C) surgeon

The drug utilized in an anaphylactic reaction is A) atropine B) aminophylline C) Azo Gantrisin D) adrenalin

D) adrenalin

A specially treated form of surgical gauze that has a hemostatic effect when buried in tissue is A) topical thrombin B) Gelfoam C) human fibrin foam D) Oxycel

D) Oxycel

What type of anesthesia nerve block involves injecting local anesthetics with Wydase around the optic nerves? A) Bier B) caudal C) epidural D) retrobulbar

D) retrobulbar

Which part of the vertebra projects most posteriorly and is often palpable through the skin in the convex areas of the spine? A) body B) lamina C) spinous process D) transverse process

C) spinous process

The most common site for a bone graft is A) iliac crest B) femur C) vertebral spine D) acetabulum

A) iliac crest

Tubal patency may be tested by the instalation of _______into the uterine cavity. A) balanced salt solution B) Chymar C) methylene blue D) gentian violet

C) methylene blue

Which anatomical structure regulates temperature by monitoring processes of heat production and loss in the human body? A) cerebellum B) hypothalamus C) pituitary gland D) thyroid gland

B) hypothalamus

One gram equals A) 5 grains B) 10 grains C) 12 grains D) 15 grains

D) 15 grains

Which drug is given to aid in placental expulsion? A) Oxytocic B) Anticholinergic C) Antihistamine D) Hypoxic

A) Oxytocic

An osmotic diuretic agent used to decrease cerebral edema and intraocular edema is A) diuril B) Flousemide C) papaverine D) mannitol

D) mannitol

Which legal doctrine would be MOST applicable in a case involving injury to a patient as a result of a hospital employee’s lack of proper training or credentialing? A) captain of the ship doctrine B) doctrine of borrowed servant C) doctrine of corporate negligence D) primum non nocere

C) doctrine of corporate negligence

Which of the following is used to control bleeding beneath the skull and around the spinal cord? A) Webril B) Gauze sponges C) Cottonoid D) kitners

C) Cottonoid

Venous air embolism would be a surgical complication more likely to occur in patients having a/an: A) Lumbar Laminectomy for ruptured disk B) Repair of a meningocele with the patient in the prone position C) Anterior Cervical Disk in the supine position D) Posterior Fossa Craniotomy in the sitting position

D) Posterior Fossa Craniotomy in the sitting position

Maslow’s research produced a hierarchical structure of ___________. A) administrative authority B) pathological diseases C) human progression D) insurance reimbursement

C) human progression

Surgical trauma to the first and second cranial nerves would cause the loss of smell and: A) Taste B) Speech C) Hearing D) Sight

D) Sight

The basic unit of weight in the apothecaries system of weights and measures is the A) ounce B) pound C) grain D) dram

C) grain

When a patient undergoes induced hypothermia to a level of 68°F or below, it is termed to be: A) light B) moderate C) deep D) profound

D) profound

Demerol is a A) narcotic B) bronchial dilator C) vasoconstrictor D) sedative

A) narcotic

Where do most intracranial aneurysms occur? A) arterial bifurcations B) tunica media C) venous sinus D) venous valves

A) arterial bifurcations

Which technique can be employed to prevent pain during an operative procedure or to relieve chronic pain? A) local infiltration B) Bier block C) nerve block D) field block

C) nerve block

Which position is usually used for microdecompression endoscopic diskectomy? A) lateral B) lithotomy C) prone D) supine

A) lateral

Which of the following was identified in the late 1990’s as causing more deaths in the United States than car accidents, AIDS, and breast cancer combined? A) equipment manufacturing flaws B) H1N1 influenza C) medical errors D) terrorist attacks

C) medical errors

Which of the following is a radiographic diagnostic procedure performed for suspected aneurysm near the circle of Willis? A) cerebral angiogram B) electroencephalogram C) lumbar myelography D) pneumoencephalography

A) cerebral angiogram

Raney clips are A) skin clips B) hemostatic clips C) aneurysm clips D) hemostatic scalp clips

D) hemostatic scalp clips

What is the term for a deep groove in the cerebrum that separates the brain into lobes? A) gyrus B) fissure C) sinus D) sulcus

B) fissure

Which statement regarding the withdrawel of a consent by a patient is NOT true? A) the surgeon informs the patient of the dangers if the procedure is not carried out B) the surgeon informs the hospital administration of the patient’s refusal C) the surgeon obtains a written refusal from the patient D) the surgeon may do the procedure if he documents that it is necessary as a life-saving measure

D) the surgeon may do the procedure if he documents that it is necessary as a life-saving measure

What is the term for the portion of the endotracheal tube that is inflated to create a closed airway system? A) cuff B) jacket C) neck D) sleeve

A) cuff

Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation and that the rebirth is influenced by the previous death experience? A) Judaism B) Muslim C) Buddhism D) atheism

C) Buddhism

Approximately how many milliliters are there in a pint? A) 250 B) 500 C) 750 D) 1000

B) 500

Which of the following meninges lies proximal to the brain? A) Dura mater B) Pia mater C) Arachnoid D) Subarachnoid

B) Pia mater

Oxytocics are given in a cesarean after the baby’s shoulders are delivered A) to contract the uterus B) to relax the uterus C) to prolong the contraction D) to facilitate membrane rupture

A) to contract the uterus

Extreme caution should be exercised when using which of the following for localized anesthesia of fingers, toes, or the penis, or in neonates? A) bupivacaine B) epinephrine C) hyaluronidase D) mepivacaine

B) epinephrine

Graduates of CAAHEP or ABHES programs are eligible to sit for the CST or CSFA examinations administered by: A) ARC/STSA B) AST C) CSPS D) NBSTSA

D) NBSTSA

Hemostasis in neurosurgery is achieved by using Gelfoam saturated with saline solution or A) heparin B) topical thrombin C) mannitol D) epinephrine

B) topical thrombin

The most common diuretic is A) Lasix B) Pronestyl C) Esoptin D) Cefadyl

A) Lasix

Which of the following legal doctrines would MOST likely apply in the case of a wrong site surgery or retained foreign body? A) aeger primo B) caveat emptor C) primum non nocere D) res ipsa loquitur

D) res ipsa loquitur

Which of the following layered structures has the closest and most intimate contact with the brain? A) arachnoid B) dura C) galea D) pia

D) pia

Which of the following terms describes the system of principles that become standards of conduct for professionals? A) doctrines B) ethics C) morals D) precedents

B) ethics

Who would be responsible for seeking consent from family members for organ donation after a patient is determined to have suffered whole-brain death? A) family’s spiritual advisor (pastor, priest, rabbi, etc.) B) facility’s gift of life coordinator C) patient’s durable power of attorney D) surgical department chairperson

B) facility’s gift of life coordinator

The surgical consent form can be witnessed by each of the following EXCEPT A) the surgeon B) a nurse C) an authorized hospital employer D) the patient’s spouse

D) the patient’s spouse

What is the term that describes a method of pretrial discovery in which a surgical team member might answer questions under oath? A) allegation B) deposition C) indictment D) precedent

B) deposition

All of the following carry the force of state or national legal enforcement EXCEPT: A) implementation of the neutral zone B) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act C) Patient Self-Determination Act D) scope of practice

A) implementation of the neutral zone

Wilson, Andrews, and Hall frames are examples of positioning devices used for: A) anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion B) craniectomy for craniosynostosis C) lumbar hemilaminotomy D) ulnar nerve transposition

C) lumbar hemilaminotomy

Failing to observe or act in a situation that the individual should have known about and acted on is called A) negligence B) abandonment C) guilt D) defamation

A) negligence

A herniated nucleus pulposus is treated with which surgical treatment? A) Craniectomy B) Laminectomy C) Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement D) Cordotomy

B) Laminectomy

The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is: A) Transient ischemic attack B) Hypertension C) Congenital Aneurysm D) Brain tumor

B) Hypertension

A sponge used in brain surgery ia a/n A) cottonoid patty B) Kitner C) impregnated gauze D) porcine

A) cottonoid patty

The soluntions used intravenously to replace plasma when plasma is not available is A) 0.9%NACL B) Dextrose 5% in water C) Lactated Ringers D) Dextran

D) Dextran

The instrument used to remove a herniated nucleus pulposus during laminectomy/discectomy is the: A) pituitary ronguer B) penfield dissector C) Kerrison ronguer D) Midas rex or Anspache

A) pituitary ronguer

Which of the following pharmacological agents provides muscle relaxation by preventing acetylcholine from stimulating muscle contraction? A) dissociative B) induction C) nondepolarizing D) volatile

C) nondepolarizing

Which anesthetic monitoring device registers the brain wave activity of the patient and enables anesthetic titration for optimal level of consciousness during surgical intervention? A) bispectral index B) Doppler device C) electrocardiogram D) pulse oximeter

A) bispectral index

Which of the following naming categories for pharmaceutical drugs would NOT be used in a health care setting? A) chemical B) generic C) street D) trade

C) street

In the event that a child needs emergency surgery, and the parents cannot be located to sign the permission A) no permission is necessary B) permission is signed by a court of law C) permission is signed by the physician D) a written consultation by two physicians other than the surgeon will suffice

D) a written consultation by two physicians other than the surgeon will suffice

All of the following are used to obtain hemostasis during Neurosurgery EXCEPT: A) Monopolar electrosurgery B) Bipolar electrosurgery C) Cottonoid Strips D) Bone wax

A) Monopolar electrosurgery

Papaverine is used in craniotomy for aneurysm clipping to prevent: A) clotting B) hemorrhage C) infection D) vasospasm

D) vasospasm

Which of the following neurosurgical retractors has attachments for malleable brain spatulas and retractors? A) Adson-Beckman B) Leyla-Yasargil C) Scoville D) Taylor

B) Leyla-Yasargil

Drugs used for ophthalmological procedures are similar to those for systemic use but must be: A) less concentrated B) less viscoelastic C) more diluted D) more potent

D) more potent

The nerves first affected by local anesthesia are the A) vasomotor B) sensory C) motor D) secretory

B) sensory

Another name for adrenalin is A) ephedrine B) epinephrine C) lidocaine D) Levophed

B) epinephrine

Which of the following is a dye that should not be used to mark the skin prior to neurosurgical procedures? A) gentian violet B) indigo carmen C) brilliant green D) methylene blue

D) methylene blue

The code of ethics of the Association of Surgical Technologists include: A) to follow the principles of asepsis B) to report any unethical conduct or practice to the proper authorities C) to respect and protect the patients legal and moral rights for quality patient care D) All of the above

D) All of the above

All of the following statements are true about knee-chest positioning for laminectomy EXCEPT A) decreased bleeding B) better exposure of laminae C) increased operating time D) increased ease of ventilation

C) increased operating time

Imaging studies used to visualize the spinal cord are an MRI and ______. A) myelography B) electromyelography C) ultrasound D) discography

A) myelography

Dural traction sutures are secured with; A) bulldogs B) allises C) oschners D) kellys/peans

A) bulldogs

A lateral curvature of the spine is A) kyphosis B) scoliosis C) lordosis D) orthosis

B) scoliosis

The advantage of using a javid shunt during a carotid endartectomy is A) continuous cerebral blood flow B) prevention of dislodging debris C) ease in securing patch to artery D) clearer view of surgical site

A) continuous cerebral blood flow

Electrical stimulation is artificially applied post operative electrical current that influences A) osteomalacia B) osteogenesis C) osteoporosis D) osteoarthritis

B) osteogenesis

A Bier block provides A) anesthesia to a distal portion of an extremity B) anesthesia below the diaphragm C) anesthetic block surrounding a peripheral nerve D) anesthetic block to a nerve group

A) anesthesia to a distal portion of an extremity

A drug that constricts the pupil during opthalmic surgery is A) healon B) miochol C) hyaluronidase D) atropine

B) miochol

Which of the following is used to control bleeding around the spinal cord? A) 4x4’s B) Thrombin C) Cottonoid D) Peanut

C) Cottonoid

The stage of anesthesia that begins with loss of consciousness is the A) first B) second C) third D) fourth

B) second

During opthalmic surgery, paralysis of the ciliary muscle is achieved by using A) cycloplegics B) myotics C) mydriatics D) narcotics

A) cycloplegics

Miochol is a(n) A) antihistamine B) blood thinner C) miotic D) anti-inflammatory

C) miotic

Denial, rationalization, regression, and repression are examples of: A) coping mechanisms B) hierarchy of needs C) physiological stressors D) stages of grief

A) coping mechanisms

Which approach is MOST desirable for treatment of herniated cervical disc with subsequent intervertebral fusion? A) anterior midline B) anterior medial C) posterior midline D) posterior medial

B) anterior medial

A topical antibioltic is A) Bacitracin B) ephedrine C) Ancef D) Keflex

A) Bacitracin

Avitene is the brand name for which type of chemical hemostatic agent? A) absorbable gelatin B) microfibrillar collagen C) oxidized cellulose D) topical thrombin

B) microfibrillar collagen

A discription of conduct that is expected of every surgical technologist in a given circumstance is referred to as: A) Common law B) Affidavit C) Personal Liability D) Standard of Care

D) Standard of Care

What type of irrigating solution is used during placement of synthetic grafts in cardiovascular surgery to prevent clotting? A) antibiotic NaCl B) balanced salt solution C) heparinized saline D) sterile distilled water

C) heparinized saline

Law that is due to the actions of a legislator is called: A) Statutory Law B) Case Law C) Common Law D) Criminal Law

A) Statutory Law

The ultimate responsibility for obtaining consent lies with the A) operating room supervisor B) circulating nurse C) surgeon D) unit charge nurse

C) surgeon

An abnormal connection between arteries and veins,bypassing the capillary system which most commonly occurs in the central nervous system. A) Arteriovenous Malfomation (AVM) B) Hydrocephalus C) meningocele D) Acoustic Neuroma

A) Arteriovenous Malfomation (AVM)

Which of the following legislative rulings requires medical facilities to inform patients of their rights to choose the types and extent of medical care available and their legal right to advance directives? A) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act B) Patient Self-Determination Act C) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act D) Affordable Care Act

B) Patient Self-Determination Act

Neuroleptanalgesia is the state resulting from the use of a combination of a A) narcotic and an anticholinergic B) narcotic and tranquilizer C) tranquilizer and a hypnotic D) narcotic and hypnotic

B) narcotic and tranquilizer

Which of the following is the lowest part of the brain stem and contiguous with the spinal cord? A) hypothalamus B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) pons

B) medulla oblongata

The incomplete closure of the vertebral arches in a newborn is: A) Hydrocephalus B) Spina Bifida C) Scoliosis D) Meningocele

B) Spina Bifida

How are most drugs absorbed by the body? A) active transport B) passive transport C) dissolution D) vasoconstriction

B) passive transport

What is establishing a neutral zone designed to do? A) diffuse potential violence in high-stress situations B) prevent sharps injuries during surgical procedures C) reduce cross-contamination in the OR suite D) quarantine patients with airborne diseases

B) prevent sharps injuries during surgical procedures

A slow growing tumor of the vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve is A) acoustic neuroma B) glioma C) seizure disorder D) meningioma

A) acoustic neuroma

Removal of an anterior cervical disc with accompanying spinal fusion is termed a A) Schwartz procedure B) Cloward procedure C) Torkildsen operation D) stereotactic procedure

B) Cloward procedure

What type of life-support treatment would be considered ultimately futile and its benefits far outweighed by the financial and emotional burden suffered by the family and health care system? A) curative B) extraordinary C) ordinary D) palliative

B) extraordinary

Which area of concern or fear would most likely be the main focus for a toddler scheduled for surgery? A) abandonment B) body image C) mortality D) privacy

A) abandonment

Which classification of drugs is used to induce uterine contractions and reduce bleeding after vaginal or cesarean section delivery? A) adrenergic B) immunoglobulin C) oxytocic D) steroid

C) oxytocic

Which portion of the normal spinal column has five (5) vertebrae? A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) coccygeal

C) lumbar

The phrase “departure from the standard of care” BEST describes which of the following legal terms? A) larceny B) liability C) malpractice D) negligence

D) negligence

A special consent form would be required for which of the following situations during a hospital admission? A) chest x-ray B) phlebotomy C) respiratory therapy D) surgical procedure

D) surgical procedure

What type of bone is the cranium? A) Irregular B) Round C) Sesamoid D) Flat

D) Flat

In which anatomical organ does biotransformation of drugs most often take place? A) brain B) colon C) kidney D) liver

D) liver

The most frequently used barbiturate for intravenous anesthesia is A) ketamine B) Anectine C) Sublimaze D) Pentothal

D) Pentothal

Which anatomical structure is the tough band that encases the intervertebral disc material? A) annulus fibrosis B) circle of Willis C) intervertebral foramina D) nucleus pulposus

A) annulus fibrosis

What is the most common congenital lesion encountered, requiring neurosurgical intervention? A) Meningomyelocele B) A-V malformation C) Aneurysm D) Neurofibromas

A) Meningomyelocele

An agent that keeps the cornea moist during surgery and is used for irrigation as well is A) Mannitol B) Miochol C) Chymar D) BSS

D) BSS

What is the medical term for normal breathing? A) apnea B) bradypnea C) dyspnea D) eupnea

D) eupnea

Which of the following diagnoses is currently used in most jurisdictions of the world to define a state of irreversible death? A) higher brain death B) myocardial infarction C) respiratory arrest D) whole brain death

D) whole brain death

Which inhalation agent is used for short procedures requiring no muscle relaxation? A) nitrous oxide B) halothane C) ethrane D) forane

A) nitrous oxide

Hydrocephalus is treated by which surgical procedure? A) Craniectomy B) Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt C) Cranioplasty D) Laminectomy

B) Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

The tissue encountered under the skin of the scalp is the : A) dura mater B) arachnoid space C) galea/aponeurosis D) periosteum

C) galea/aponeurosis

Which governmental regulatory agency has oversight of pharmaceutical companies? A) EPA B) FDA C) NIH D) OSHA

B) FDA

What is the name of the device used to support or modify the curvature of an endotracheal tube during intubation? A) balloon B) circuit C) stylet D) tube

C) stylet

When incising the cranium between burr holes, what attachment to the powered craniotome is necessary to prevent injury of underlying tissues? A) #3 Penfield dissector B) dural guard with footplate C) smoke evacuator D) wire-pass drill bit

B) dural guard with footplate

Why would a neurosurgeon order mannitol for a patient during a craniotomy for excision of tumor? A) muscle relaxation B) prevent surgical site infection C) reduce vasospasm D) decrease intracranial pressure

D) decrease intracranial pressure

What is the chemical name for a chemical or drug that causes birth defects? A) agonist B) parenteral C) synergist D) teratogen

D) teratogen

A common complication of extubation is A) hypotension B) tachypnea C) hypoxia D) hypercapnia

C) hypoxia

What is the anatomical area where cerebrospinal fluid circulates over all parts of the central nervous system? A) circle of Willis B) epidural space C) pericranium D) subarachnoid space

D) subarachnoid space

Cricoid pressure A) paralyzes the patient B) produces complete anesthesia C) occludes the esophagus D) is done during extubation

C) occludes the esophagus

Benzodiazapines produce ________for up to 6 hours from the onset of the drugs action A) pain relief B) hallucinations C) antigrade amnesia D) relief from nausea

C) antigrade amnesia

A self -retaining nuerosurgical retractor is: A) Raney-crutchfield B) Leyla-Yasargil C) Davis D) Cushing

B) Leyla-Yasargil

The method of inhalation anesthesia that allows complete rebreathing of expired gases is the A) open method B) semi-closed method C) closed method D) filtered method

C) closed method

A document which a person gives instructions about his or her medical care in the event that the individual cannot speak is A) hospital policy B) administrative law C) ethical deposition D) advanced directive

D) advanced directive

A bovine-derived enzyme used as a chemical method of hemostasis is: A) heparin B) collagen C) thrombin D) epinephrine

C) thrombin

Which category of drug is used to outline hollow or tubular anatomical structures for radiographic visualization? A) contrast media B) dyes C) stains D) vasodilator

A) contrast media

A surgical procedure used most frequently to control intractable pain of terminal cancer is called a A) sympathectomy B) neurectomy C) cordotomy D) thermocoagulation

C) cordotomy

Avitene is A) hemostatic B) adrenergic C) cycloplegic D) mydriatic

A) hemostatic

What is the name of the organization whose focus is on patient and worker safety and is a unique coalition of surgeons (ACS), anesthesiologists (ASA), operating room (AORN) and perianesthesia (ASPAN) nurses, CRNAs (AANA), surgical physician assistants (AASPA), and surgical technologists (AST)? A) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B) Council on Surgical and Perioperative Safety (CSPS) C) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) D) the Joint Commission (TJC)

B) Council on Surgical and Perioperative Safety (CSPS)

Surgical creation of a lesion in the treatment of a disease such as Parkinsons is called A) cryosurgery B) diathermy C) rhizotomy D) pallidotomy

A) cryosurgery

An enzyme extract from bovine blood used as a topical hemostatic agent is A) oxytocin B) tannic acid C) thrombin D) collagen

C) thrombin

An example of depolarizing muscle relaxant is A) Halothane B) Fentanyl C) Sufetanyl D) Succinylcholine

D) Succinylcholine

A cm is the metric unit equal to A) 1/1000 of a meter B) 1/10 of a meter C) 1/100 of a meter D) 3/10 of a meter

C) 1/100 of a meter

A drug used to increase blood pressure is A) Avitene B) epinephrine C) heparin D) mannitol

B) epinephrine

A surgical procedure in which a nerve is freed from binding adhesion for relief of pain and restoration of function is termed a A) neurexeresis B) neurorrhaphy C) neurotomy D) neurolysis

D) neurolysis

Which of the following forms of consent is defined by the Joint Commission as “agreement or permission accompanied by full notice about what is being consented to”? A) general B) implied C) informed D) special

C) informed

An anticoagulant used in vascular surgery is A) protamine sulfate B) heparin C) adrenalin D) papavarine

B) heparin

Which drug is an anticoagulant antagonist used to reverse the effects of heparin? A) naloxone HCl B) dantrolene sodium C) sodium bicarbonate D) protamine sulfate

D) protamine sulfate

Shunts placed for the treatment of hydrocephalus commonly drain into the: A) peritoneum and left atrium B) peritoneum and right atrium C) right and left atrium D) peritoneum and portal vein

B) peritoneum and right atrium

The condition where, fibrous bands cause contractures in the fingures, commonly the ring finger and the little finger is A) compartment syndrome B) dupuytrens C) exostosis D) ganglion

B) dupuytrens

All of the following are examples of congenital anomalies EXCEPT: A) arteriovenous malformation B) craniosynostosis C) herniated nucleus pulposus D) intracranial aneurysm

C) herniated nucleus pulposus

All of the following are used for hemostasis in a neurosurgical procedure EXCEPT A) bone wax B) compressed cotton strips C) bipolar coagulation D) monopolar coagulation

D) monopolar coagulation

If a patient falls because he or she was left unattended, the OR team member could be cited in a lawsuit for. A) misconduct B) assault C) doctrine of Respondeat Superior D) abandonment

D) abandonment

The legal doctrine which holds the institution liable for failure to ensure an acceptable level of care is: A) respondent superior B) doctrine of reasonable man C) borrowed servant rule D) corporate negligence

D) corporate negligence

A general consent form is A) a form authorizing all treatments or procedures B) a form for all patients having general anesthesia C) a form for all patients having hazardous therapy D) another name for an operative permit

A) a form authorizing all treatments or procedures

Accreditation for surgical technology programs is A) ARC/STSA B) CAAHEP C) AORN D) JACHO

B) CAAHEP

What is the name of the group of spinal nerves that continue from the distal spinal cord at about L-2 in the average adult? A) cauda equina B) corpus callosum C) filum terminale D) foramen magnum

A) cauda equina