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Geography > Sub-Saharan Africa > Flashcards

Sub-Saharan Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

Which Hemispheres does Africa span over?

A

West and South (Atlantic) and East (Indian ocean)

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2
Q

What separates Africa from Europe? What is the distance?

A

The Strait of Gibraltar by 14 km

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3
Q

What separates Africa from Southwest Asia?

A

Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and the Suez Canal

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4
Q

When did the Suez Canal open?

A

November 17, 1869

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5
Q

Which countries of West Africa are afflicted by military coups?

A

Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger

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6
Q

Where is Obama’s father from?

A

Kenya

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7
Q

Which Central African country has an island for the capitol city?

A

Equatorial Guinea

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8
Q

This Central African country has small access to the ocean

A

Congo

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9
Q

Formerly known as Swaziland

A

Eswatini

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10
Q

Why is there no mountainous backbone?

A

It was once the center of Pangea, so there was no compression of the landscape

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11
Q

How many states do not have ocean access?

A

15

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12
Q

What is the Great Escarpment?

A
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13
Q

Where are most of Africa’s great lakes located?

A

Within the Great Rift Valley

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14
Q

Which Great Lake is not in the Rift Valley?

A

Lake Victoria

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15
Q

What is the largest natural lake in the world?

A

Lake Victoria

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16
Q

What are the major rivers of West Africa?

A

Senegal, Niger, Volta, and Benue

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17
Q

What are the major rivers of Southern Africa?

A

Zambezi, Limpopo, and Orange

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18
Q

What are the major rivers of Northern Africa?

A

The Nile; both Blue and White

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19
Q

What is the world’s largest desert?

A

Sahara

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20
Q

How far does the Sahara span?

A

From the Red sea to the Atlantic

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21
Q

What are the two types of desert terrain?

A

REG and ERG

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22
Q

What is REG for the desert?

A

Loose sand and boulders

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23
Q

What is ERG for the desert?

A

Shifting dunes

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24
Q

Which desert runs southwest along the Atlantic Coast? (South Africa to Namibia)

A

Namib

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25
Q

Which desert runs through Botswana, South Africa, and Namibia?

A

Kalahari

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26
Q

What is the climate pattern of the continent?

A

Symmetry moving out from rainforest to desert

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27
Q

What is the progression of climates?

A

Rainforest, moist savana, dry savana, semi desert, and desert

28
Q

Where are the rainforests located?

A

Congo Basin, West Africa, and Madagascar

29
Q

What are characteristics of a rain forest?

A

Daily rain, no dry season, and 3 layers of trees

30
Q

Why is there little undergrowth in the rainforest?

A

The sun is blocked by the canopy of broad leaved trees and does not reach the ground

31
Q

What are the economic features of rainforest areas?

A

Timber, cash crops, medicinal plants, and tourism

32
Q

Which climate is the largest vegetation cover in Africa

A

Moist and dry Savana

33
Q

Where is the Savana located?

A

West Africa, Angola to the Indian Sea, and West Madagascar

34
Q

Which climate type does the Horn of Africa fall into?

A

Semidesert

35
Q

Which countries are Mediterranean?

A

Southwest South Africa, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia

36
Q

What are characteristics of the Mediterranean?

A

Humid, rainy winter, and similar vegetation to that of California

37
Q

What are the economic features of the Mediterranean?

A

Orchard farming, Wine, oak corks, and Redwoods for lumber

38
Q

Who created the Triple Heritage?

A

Ali Mazrul

39
Q

What are the three Heritages?

A

Indigenous, Islamic, and Western

40
Q

What is a Subsistence economy?

A

Must survive on too little money

41
Q

What are characteristics of a Subsistence economy?

A

Traditional institutions, primitive technology, “uncivilized lifestyle”, Ancient Empires

42
Q

What are the western empires?

A

Ghana and Ashanti

43
Q

What are the northeast empires?

A

Kush and Ethiopia

44
Q

What are the central empires?

A

Kongo (now Congo) and Buganda (now Uganda)

45
Q

What are the southern empires?

A

Ngola (now Angola) and Zimbabwe

46
Q

What are the characteristics of the Kush empire?

A

Nile Valley of current Egypt and stone architecture

47
Q

Where did universities exist before the west?

A

Jenna and Timbuktu

48
Q

What are the characteristics of the Second Heritage of Islam?

A

Arabian Peninsula, Trans-Saharan Trade, uncompromising increases in Islam

49
Q

What were the impacts of the second heritage?

A

Converts to Islam, Mosques and dress codes, and Arabic languages and beliefs

50
Q

What are the four stages of the Third Heritage of the West?

A

Initial contact, land exploration, enslavement, and colonialism

51
Q

During initial contact? Which western country traded the most? Where did the British stand?

A

Portugal; 4th

52
Q

What were the trade goals of the initial contact period?

A

Ivory and Gold

53
Q

Why didn’t the west move deeper into Africa upon intial contact?

A

Limited to the coast because of resistence from African empires

54
Q

What drove the beginning of enslavement?

A

Industrial Revolution and discovery of Americas increased the need for cheap labor

55
Q

When did the British abolish slavery?

A

1808

56
Q

Why did the west eventuall venture into land exploration of Africa?

A

They needed raw materials for the industrial revolution of the 1900’s

57
Q

Who were the proponents of scientific and geographic curiosity during Land exploration?

A

Henry Stanley, David Livingstine, and Mungo Park

58
Q

From what times did colonial rule last?

A

1885 - 1994

59
Q

What are the three reasons that drove colonialism in Africa?

A

God, Gold, and Glory

60
Q

Which countries escaped colonialism?

A

Liberia and Ethiopia

61
Q

What was the issue with how the West partitioned Africa?

A

Ethnic groups moved horizontally but they cut the continent vertically

62
Q

How did the British rule through colonial power?

A

Indirect Rule through traditional leaders; no citizenship

63
Q

How did the French rule through colonial power?

A

Assimilation and educated elites; granted French citizenship

64
Q

What was the name of the taxes african citizens had to pay?

A

Hut and Head taxes

65
Q

What were the economic impacts of colonialization in Africa?

A

Cash crops, extracted minerals, and built infrastructure

66
Q

What were the Social impacts of colonization in Arica?

A

modern medicine, western education, and foreign foods

Geography (4 decks)

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