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Urology > Study Guide Qs > Flashcards

Study Guide Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Which is correct regarding AG toxicity?

A

Horses increase creatinine from 0.8 - 1.5 over 5 days and this indicates nephropathy

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2
Q

Which is true of Leptospirosis?

A

Treament: penicillin, ceftiofur

Also: ampicillin, doxycycline

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3
Q

Clinical findings of an animal with a urinary rupture include what?

A

Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Hyperkalemia
Peritoneal Cr > 2 x serum Cr

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4
Q

What clinical findings are consistent with a horse with CKD?

A

Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hyponatremia

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5
Q

What is the management for CKD in horses?

A

NAHCO3 supplementation if patients gets metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

Poor athletic performance in horse with CKD may be due to

A

Anemia- decreased EPO, decreased RBC survival time

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7
Q

Which is true of suckling foals?

A

USG = 1.005

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8
Q

Which species normally has cloudy urine?

A

Horses

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9
Q

A horse with bright red urine at the end or urination and no systemic signs probably has

A

Urethral tear

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10
Q

Horse is isosthenuric after water deprivation test and SG is 1.020 after vasopressin concentration test. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

Which of the following causes the most damage to the medulla?

A

Phenylbutazone

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of urolithiasis in horses?

A

Calcium carbonate

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13
Q

What is the most common site of urinary calculi obstruction in small ruminants?

A

Urethral process

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14
Q

What os a good way to collect urine from a steer?

A

brush prepuce with wet brush to stimulate urination

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15
Q

What is the best treatment for urolithiasis in a breeding steer?

A

Tube cystotomy

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16
Q

What happens with oak toxicity?

A

AKI and diarrhea

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17
Q

Alkaline urine in large animals consistently causes what to be falsely increased?

A

Protein

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18
Q

Which of the following is indicative of pre-renal azotemia?

A

FC (Na) < 0.25%

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19
Q

List in order of least invasive to most invasive

A

Catheter removal

Urohydropropulsion

Lithotripsy

Surgery

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20
Q

What is the treatment for FIC?

A

MEMO (litterboxes, food, water)

NOT NSAIDs, analgesics, steroids

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21
Q

What is true of FIC?

A

Often resolves within a week

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22
Q

What is true regarding treatment for urolithiasis?

A

Lubrication and catheter with concurrent rectal palpation

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23
Q

Which is not a cause of macroscopic hematuria?

A

Glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

Which is not a cause of microscopic hematuria?

A

Doxorubicin toxicity

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25
Q

Female spayed dog presents with incompetence at rest, previously house-broken. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence

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26
Q

What is the treatment for urethral sphincter incompetence?

A

Diethylstilbestrol

27
Q

What is the treatment for detrusor atony?

A

Indwelling urinary catheter and bethanecol

Make sure there isn’t an obstruction prior to use

28
Q

Cat with stranguira, had indwelling urinary catheter, when catheter is removed each time, cat is painful but otherwise seems normal. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Urethrospasm

29
Q

What is the treatment for urethrospasm?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

30
Q

A spinal lesion in T12-13 and possible disc rupture may cause

A

Large, firm bladder (upper motor neuron)

31
Q

HBC fractured pelvis and lumbosacral trauma may cause

A

Large, flaccid bladder (lower motor neuron)

32
Q

How can you differentiate AKI from CKD?

A

Large smooth kidneys, hyperphosphatemia, decreased urine output, moderate to severe azotemia

33
Q

Which factor can be used to differentiate the following crystals?

A

Inhibitory or competing ions (struvite > CaOx) — CaOx > struvite

No idea what this means

34
Q

Which medication can be used for oliguric patient, what kind of medication is it, and what effect does it have on creatine?

A

Mannitol

Osmotic diuretic

No significant change

35
Q

What is correct about contrast radiographs?

A

Contrast radiographs are more sensitive for soft tissue masses than regular radiographs

36
Q

What is correct about free catch?

A

Free catch is good for initial analysis of u/a with apparent hematuria

37
Q

Calculate the total fluid replacements of 12hr period in 12 kg dog that is 10% dehydrated. Anorexia and vomiting (4 x in 12 hours - 30mL each). Urine output is double normal.

A

Calculate

~195-225 ml/hr

38
Q

Red-tinged urine is spun down and is still discolored. Serum is discolored. What is the likely cause?

A

IMHA (hemoglobinuria)

39
Q

What characteristics makes creatinine more specific than BUN?

A

Creatinine is proportional to muscle mass which is relatively constant day-to-day

40
Q

What is true regarding hematuria?

A

RBCs will settle out with true hematuria

41
Q

Which of the following indicates glomerular damage over tubular damage?

A

Proteinuria

42
Q

An animal with a thickened urethra on palpation. Next diagnostic step that would help?

A

Vaginourethrogram

43
Q

Which is true regarding stone formation?

A

Aggregation and retention in bladder are important in formation

44
Q

What is true of crystalluria?

A

Does not indicate uroliths or pathology

Crystal form at body temperature and dissolve at room temperature

45
Q

What is the goal in converting oliguria to nonoliguria?

A

Prevent life-threatening metabolic imbalances

46
Q

Which is a reason for failed treatment of UTI?

A

Poor owner compliance, wrong drug/dose, prostatitis, ectopic ureters

47
Q

Which clinical finding is uncommonly associated with bacterial cystitis?

A

Leukocytosis on CBC

48
Q

What is true of dialysis?

A

Resolves hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, acidemia, fluid overload

49
Q

Patient presents painful in caudal abdomen with frequent urination, hematuria. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Bacterial cystitis

50
Q

Intact male presents with hematuria, stranguira, pollakiuria. Otherwise seems normal. Which part of the urinary tract is affected?

A

Prostate

51
Q

Cat presents with hematuria throughout urine stream, non-painful, no systemic signs, no stranguria or pollakiuria. Which part of the urinary tract is affected?

A

Kidney

52
Q

Which is not palpable on normal rectal exam?

A

Sublumbar LN

53
Q

Which is true of casts?

A

RBC casts are indicative of glomerulonephritis

54
Q

Which is not true of AKI?

A

IV fluids, give fluids 50% > than urine excreted

55
Q

Which is true of AKI?

A

Urine volume can be increased, normal, or decreased

56
Q

Which is not a clinical sign associated with lower UTD?

A

Polyuria

57
Q

Given azotemic or isosthenuric patient

A

Need further information to evaluate

58
Q

Reasons for anemia

A

EPO deficiency

EPO resistance

Increased blood loss

Decreased RBC survival

59
Q

Which is true regarding treatment of anemia?

A

EPO needs to be given with iron to prevent iron deficiency anemia

60
Q

Amlodipine (Ca channel blocker) is first choice in hypertensive cat without proteinuria

A

True

61
Q

Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) given to cats with proteinuria is shown to inc survival time?

A

Yep

62
Q

Which can be associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

Diabetes mellitus

63
Q

Which is true of phosphate binders?

A

Aluminum hydroxide is a potent phosphate binder and commonly used in veterinary medicine

Urology (2 decks)

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