Structure Of The Brain Flashcards
Neuron
Structural unit of the nervous system
Central nervous system components
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System components
Everything not in the CNS
Nucleus
Collection of cell bodies inside the CNS
Ganglion
Collection of cell bodies outside the CNS
Nerve
Connection of axons
Tract
Collection of nerve fibers sharing a common function
Gray matter brain
Location of cell bodies inside the CNS “superficial”
White matter brain
Location of myelinated axons inside the CNS “deep”
Association tracts
Connect same hemisphere
Commissural tracts
Connect opposite hemispheres
Cross via corpus collosum
Projection tracts
Project to lower regions of brain and spinal cord
Commissural tract that connects left and right cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Fronts lobe
Personality, primary motor cortex, and memory
Parietal lobe
Primary sensory cortex
Temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex
Occipital
Primary visual cortex
Fissure
Deep groves
Name two fissures
Longitudinal
Transverse
Gyrus
Ridge
Two examples of gyrus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Sulcus
Shallow grove
Name two examples of sulcus
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Role of thalamus
Wants to receive, group, and relay the sensory info to the cerebrum
Role of hypothalamus
Command center for the endocrine system and tells pituitary gland what to do
Role of epithalamus
Pineal gland produces melatonin low production of melatonin can lead to seasonal affective disorder
Basal nuclei
Paired irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the cerebral hemisphere
Function of cerebellum
Body posture
Balance
Fine coordination
Maintains movement
Midbrain
Relay station for visual and auditory information
Pons
Communication and coordination for spinal cord and various portions of the brain
Medulla oblongata
Controls autonomic functions
ie. breathing, heart rate
Cortex
Neurons with similar structure coming together to perform a function
Longitudinal fissure
Between left and right hemispheres if cerebrum
Transverse fissure
Between cerebrum and cerebellum
Central sulcus
Located between precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus
Lateral sulcus
Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
Postcentral gyrus
Primary sensory cortex
What are the three paired structures of diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Wants to receive, group, and relay the sensory information to the cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Is the command center for the endocrine system and tells the pituitary gland what to do
Pineal gland
Produces melotonin
