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Sam - Biology > Structure of Flowering Plant > Flashcards

Structure of Flowering Plant Flashcards

Ch 23

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1
Q

3 typed of roots?

A

Tap,
Fibrous,
Adventitious

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2
Q

Eg of tap root?

A

Dandelion

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3
Q

Eg of fibrous root?

A

Daffodils

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4
Q

Eg of adventitious root?

A

Roots at base of an onion

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5
Q

Discuss tap roots?

A
  • Consists of main root
  • Lateral/secondary roots emerge from primary root
  • Tips of lateral roots have thousands of tiny, invisible root hairs
  • Common in dicots
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6
Q

Discuss fibrous roots?

A
  • Form when radicle dies away to leave a group of equal sized roots
  • They emerge from base of stem
  • Common in monocots
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7
Q

Discuss adventitious roots?

A
  • Roots that don’t develop from radicle
  • Grow in weird places
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8
Q

Functions of roots?

A
  • Anchor plant in soil
  • Absorb water + minerals from soil (root hairs)
  • Store food in some plants, eg: carrots
  • Transport absorbed materials to shoots
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9
Q

4 zones in a root?

A
  • Zone of protection
  • Meristematic zone/zone of cell production
  • Zone of elongation
  • Zone of differentiation
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10
Q

Describe zone of protection in root?

A

Root cap protects root cells as they push through the soil

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11
Q

Describe meristematic zone/zone of cell production in root?

A
  • Cells divide by mitosis here at tip of roots and shoots
  • Allow plants to grow
  • Meristems found in the root tip and shoot tip
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12
Q

Describe zone of elongation?

A

Cells develop/mature due to auxins (plant growth regulators)

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13
Q

Describe zone of differentiation?

A

Cells develop into different types of tissue

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14
Q

3 types of tissues?

A

Dermal
Vascular
Ground

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15
Q

Eg of dermal tissue?

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

Eg of vascular tissue?

A

Xylem, phloem

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17
Q

Function of dermal tissue?

A

Surrounds and protects plant

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18
Q

Function of vascular tissue?

A

Transports materials throughout plant

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19
Q

Wheres ground tissue found?

A

Between dermal and vascular tissues

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20
Q

What’s a herbaceous plant?

A

Doesn’t contain wood

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21
Q

Eg of herbaceous plant?

A

Daffodil

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22
Q

Eg of woody plant?

A

Chestnut tree

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23
Q

What is the node?

A

Point on a stem which a leaf is attached

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24
Q

What’s the internode?

A

Region on a stem between 2 nodes

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25
Q

What’s the bud?

A

Potential growth point that may develop into a shoot, leaf or flower

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26
Q

Whats the lenticel?

A

An opening on a stem for gas exchange

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27
Q

Whats an apical bud (terminal)?

A

Tip of stem

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28
Q

What does apical bud (terminal) do?

A

Causes stem to grow at the growing tip

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29
Q

What happens if there’s no growth tip?

A

Bushy plant will form

30
Q

What’s the axil?

A

Angle between a leaf and a stem

31
Q

During winter, apical bud will produce?

A

Scale scars and leaf scars

32
Q

Function of scale scars?

A

Mark locations of previous apical buds/ Distance between two sets of scale scars represents one year of growth

33
Q

What are leaf scars?

A

Where a leaf has fallen

34
Q

Functions of stems?

A
  • Transport water + minerals from roots to leaves and flowers
  • Store food Eg: potatoes
  • Protection Eg: thorns
  • Gas exchange Eg: lenticles
35
Q

What are leaves attached to?

A

Attached to stems at nodes

36
Q

What’s the petiole?

A

Stalk of the leaf

37
Q

What is venation?

A

Pattern of veins in a leaf

38
Q

What’s parallel venation?

A

Veins run alongside each other

39
Q

Where do you see parallel venation?

A

Most monocots

40
Q

Eg of parallel venation?

A

Grasses

41
Q

What’s net/reticulate venation?

A

Veins form a branching network through the lamina

42
Q

Where do you see net/reticulate venation?

A

Most common in dicots

43
Q

Eg of net/reticulate venation?

A

Horse chestnut

44
Q

Functions of leaves?

A
  • Make food (photosynthesis)
  • Exchange of gases (diffusion)
  • Store food (cabbage)
  • Lose water (cools plant allowing fresh water + mineral salts be taken in)
45
Q

How do leaves make food?

A

Photosynthesis

46
Q

How do leaves change gases?

A

Diffusion

47
Q

Eg of leaves that store food?

A

Cabbage

48
Q

Why do leaves lose water?

A

Cool down and let fresh water and mineral salts be taken in

49
Q

Function of ground tissue?

A

Occupies area between dermal + vascular tissues in a plant

50
Q

Xylem is made up of what 2 types of cells?

A

Vessels + tracheas

51
Q

Is xylem a dead or living tissue?

A

Dead

52
Q

Location of xylem?

A

In roots, stems, leaves, flowers

53
Q

How is xylem found?

A

In vascular bundles

54
Q

Functions of xylem?

A

Transport water + minerals from roots to leaves

55
Q

Why is xylem good at its job?

A
  • narrow
  • thick walls
  • continuous tube
  • no cell contents
  • water attracted to the walls
56
Q

What’s phloem made of?

A

Sieve tubes and companion cells

57
Q

Are companion cells alive or dead?

A

Alive

58
Q

Is phloem a living or dead tissue

A

Living

59
Q

How do sieve tubes form?

A

When individual cells join end-to-end

60
Q

Describe what sieve tubes look like?

A

Long, tubular structures

61
Q

Location of phloem?

A

Found in roots, stems, leaves, flowers

62
Q

What do sieve tubes do?

A

Transports the food

62
Q

Function of phloem?

A

Transport sucrose/food made by photosynthesis from leaves to rest of the plant

63
Q

What do sieve plates do?

A

Separate sieve tubes

64
Q

Differences between xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem V Phloem
carries water+minerals V carries food

dead V living

has lignin V no lignin

no companion cells V has companion cells

65
Q

Structural differences between xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem v Phloem
no nuclei V nuclei in companion cell

continuous tube V not continuous tube

no sieve plates V sieve plates

has pits V no pits

vessels/tracheids V no vessels/tracheids

66
Q

Is xylem or phloem on outside of vascular bundle in stem?

A

Phloem (has ‘o’ for ‘outside’)

67
Q

How many seed leaves do dicots have?

A

2 seed leaves

68
Q

How many seed leaves do monocots have?

A

1 seed leaf

69
Q

Eg of monocot?

A

Grasses, daffodils

70
Q

Eg of dicot?

A

Peanuts, chestnut tree

71
Q

Differences between monocots and dicots?

A

Monocots V Dicots
1 seed leaf V 2 seed leaves

Parallel venation V network of veins

Vascular bundles scattered V ring of vascular bundles

Fibrous root system V tap root system

Flower parts in 3’s V flower parts in 4’s/5’s

Mostly herbaceous V May be herbaceous or woody

Sam - Biology (23 decks)

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