Structure of DNA

Question 1

What are the subunits of DNA called?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What do nucleotides consist of?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.)

Question 3

What are the two base pairs and what holds them together?

Answer 3

Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine, they are held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Describe the structure of the strands in DNA.

Answer 4

It is a double-stranded antiparallel structure, with deoxyribose and phosphate at 3’ and 5’ ends of each strand respectively, forming a double helix.

Question 5

What does the base sequence determine?

Answer 5

The base sequence of DNA forms the genetic code.

Question 6

What do prokaryotes have?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes have a singular circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids.

Question 7

What do Eukaryotes have?

Answer 7

Eukaryotes all have linear chromosomes, in the nucleus, which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins.

Question 8

What are the associated proteins packaged with Eukaryotes?

Answer 8

Histones

Question 9

Where do Eukaryotes contain circular chromosomes?

Answer 9

In their mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 10

Why is yeast a special example of a eukaryote?

Answer 10

Because it also has plasmids.