strategies Flashcards
appeals template
The writer uses an appeal to “” when he/she state “”. This is designed to engage with the societal desire to “”. In doing so, the audience of …, who may feel …., are then,….. towards the issue.
alliteration
audibly pleasing to have a lulling, lyrical or emotive effect
injects rhythm and draws attention to key words therefore when used sparingly, the context becomes much more memorable to readers.
suggestion that the alliterative words are linked together thematically and spotlights the subject contained therein
a stylistic choice
euphemism
“passed away” instead of “died”
- innocuous word/phrase is used to replace a something deemed offensive/ inappropriate/ insensitive
-can be used to mask/downplay an event and when overused may be manipulative and distortion of the truth. here, the author is not persuading through honesty but from lulling the audience into deprioritising a certain oppositions argument.
-can be used to reduce the discomfort if the reader when discussing a taboo/offensive/sensitive topic and therefore positions more conservative readers to better digest and agree with the writer’s contention on the subject
repetition
immediately draws upon a sense of urgency that provokes more concerned members “of an audience” by framing the issue as severe and worth of immediate attention.
inclusive language
us/our/we
increases sense of ownership/responsibility to achieve the writers purpose
reader’s point of view is represented and validated therefore, reader feels strengthened in their beliefs.
pressured to agree with the main contention because it this view appears to be shared by the group as a whole.
hyperbole
may be humorous/can be indirectly mocking the opposition and so reader is positioned to react with disbelief and bemusement
deliberately shocks the readers and appeals to sense of fear in order for them to support the contention especially understanding the dire need for immediate action.
rhetorical question
analogy
“life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re gonna get”
anecdote
personalise the issue
introduce the issue in simple terms/familiar narrative so readers are intrigued and wish to continue reading.
establish a closeness with the reader so they are more inclined to believe later arguments
expert opinion
lends weight to the writer’s argument as it is shared by someone with specialised knowledgable and therefore reassures the readers this viewpoint is reliable and holds up to scrutiny.
humour
often provides a more jocular and amicable tone and by establishing a rapport with the reader, the readers are more inclined to believe the arguments of an author they have a positive relationship with.
irony
encourages readers to recognise the hypocrisy/faulty logic in certain statements and situations and does so by mocking the subject. therefore readers question the validity of the situation
reason/logic
used in tandem with formal style/calm tone
a strong connection is made between the contention and the evidence to the point where the reader accepts the writer’s view as irrefutable. the writer themselves appear more well-researched as a result.
deductive reasoning
“the athlete is described as a fervid addict. as we all know, drug addicts are troubled individuals so clearly the player must have experienced some emotional trauma which led to their substance abuse”
drawing upon general rules to form conclusions about a small population appears logically sound to the audience. and appeals to familiar stereotypes/generalisations about certain groups
ad hominem attack
“why would anyone listen to this high school drop out with no actual work experience whatsoever”
besmirches the reputation of the opposition/author
and casts doubt on their character/credentials/motivations therefore, their shared audience of The Age readers are inclined to view the author as the more trustworthy opinion.
