Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo/ Embryo/ Cell Bio > Stem Cells & Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Stem Cells & Hematopoiesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are stem cells?

A

cells w/ high self-renewal but low mitotic index; undistinguished cell morphology; combinations of surface proteins are stage specific (CD34 (+), HLA-Dr (-))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a totipotent cell?

A

unlimited cell potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pluripotent cell?

A

multi-organ potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a progenitor cell?

A

limited stem potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a precursor cell?

A

cells committed to differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the sources of stem cells?

A
  1. embryonic (blastocyst, embryonic germ cells)
  2. adult tissues (bone marrow, mesenchymal, hepatic, neural)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between endogenous and induced stem cells?

A

endogenous stem cells are patient’s own cells that are transfected with transcription factors and are reverse-differentiated into desired cell type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can stem cells be controlled?

A
  • secretion of soluble effector molecules (ILs, cytokines, chemikines, GFs)
  • effector molecules bind to cells to direct their differentiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What lineages does the hemocytoblast produce?

A
  • common myeloid progentior: red blood cell, megakaryocytes, & white blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes)
  • comon lymphoid progenitor: lymphocytes (Plasma cell, T cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a colony-forming unit?

A

collection of hematopoietic stem cells; the more mixed, the more potential for different cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Hematopoietic Growth Factors?

A
  • Multi-potential: early acting factors
  • Erythropoietic: EPO
  • Granulopoietic: G-CSF, GM-CSF
  • Megakaryocytopoietic: TPO
  • Lymphopoietic: ILs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a niche?

A

extracellular matrix in which stem cell regenerates; ECM can define the cells and how they develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define the roles of the following ECM components:

  • Fibronectin
  • Thrombospondin
  • Hemonectin
  • Heparan sulfate & Chondroitin sulfate
A
  • fibronectin: interact w/ integrins on cell surface
  • thrombospondin: binds soluble cytokines to present to cells
  • hemonectin: binds myeloid cells
  • heparan sulfate & chondroitin sulfate: bind various ligands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do stromal cells do for stem cells?

A

secrete ECM molecules, present cell surface molecules & GFs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do endothelial cells do for stem cells?

A

support differentiation, permit targeting and adhesion, permit transmigration of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do osteoblasts do for stem cells?

A

vital for successful ingraftment:

  • serete cytokines
  • promote engraftment
  • CD166 defines both HSC and binding site on OBs
17
Q

Are you suggesting stem cells migrate? Why?

A
  • different sites of hematopoiesis during development
  • different bones in body have equivalent levels of activity
  • stem cells found in peripheral blood
18
Q

Describe a megakaryocyte.

A
  • large
  • polyploid
  • found in bone marrow
  • gives rise to thrombocytes –> platlets
19
Q

What are the steps in developing thrombocytes?

A
  • CFU-MK-E pluripotent cells
  • CFU-MK
  • Megakaryoblast endomitosis –> DNA synthesis w/o cell division
  • Megakaryocyte
  • Platelets
20
Q

How does platelet interact with environment?

A

responds to changes in cellular environment thru receptors that interact w/ activating soluble molecules:
thrombin, ADP, epinenphrine, serotonin

21
Q

What does the thrombin receptor on the platelet do?

A
  • It is a protease activated receptor (PAR- enzyme!)
  • acitvation site for platelet
  • has 7 transmembrane loops
22
Q

How do platelets interact w/ filamentous molecules at site of injury?

A
  • interacts with fibrinogen (forms fibrin), collagen, von Willebrand factor
  • activates clotting
23
Q

What are the steps of erythroid differentiation?

A
  1. proerythbrolast
    • large cell, large nucleus w/ 3 nucleoli, no granules, blue
  2. basophilic erythroblast
    • slightly smaller, cytoplasm is more blue staining (more RNA)
  3. polychromatic erythroblast
    • ​less blue staining, nucleus is more condensed
  4. orthrochromatophilic erythroblast
    • no longer undergo mitosis
  5. reticulocyte
  6. erythrocyte
24
Q

What are the steps of myeloid differentiation?

A
  1. Myeloblast
    ​​​looks similar to a proerythroblast
  2. ​Promyelocyte
    ​​makes granules
  3. Early Neutrophilic/ Eosinophilic/ Basophilic Myelocytes​​
  4. Late Neutrophilic/ Eosinophilic/ Basophilic Metamyelocyte
    no longer undergoes mitosis
  5. Band Cell (neutrophils)/ Eosinophilic Myelocyte
  6. Mature Neutrophil/ Eosinophil/ Basophil

Histo/ Embryo/ Cell Bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions