Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Stem cells/Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

Stem cells/Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

totipotent?

A

can form any cell in embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pluripotent?

A

differentiate into cells formed from 3 germ layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

multipotent?

A

produce cells of a closely related family of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

long term repopulating cells?

A

capable of producing all blood cell types for the entire life span.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

short term repopulating cells?

A

reconstitute myeloid and/or lymphoid compartments for a short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do HSC lie normally?

A

in a quiescent state until they receive signals from the surrounding “niche” to become activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are induced pluripotent stem cells?

A

-iPS cells are adult somatic cells that are “reprogrammed” into stem cells - reversing the differentiation process of specialised cells that they become undifferentiated again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

biggest advantage of iPS?

A

less likely for immune system to reject transplantation as cells are “Self”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how much of blood does haematocrit make up?

A

45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are rbc’s replenished?

A

proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is haematocrit?

A

chunky stuff in blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much of blood is plasma?

A

55%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is most primitive blood cell?

A

haematopoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are multipotent progenitors (MPP)?

A

forms both myeloid progenitor and lymphoid progenitor precursors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are bipotential progenitors?

A

B cells, T cells, macrophages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens to proliferative potential as cells differentiate?

A

decreases, but frequency and turnover increases.

17
Q

what does forward scatter refer to?

A

size of cells.

18
Q

what does side scatter refer to?

A

complexity of cells.

19
Q

haematopoiesis in embryo?

A
  • 1 month - yolk sac and aorta gonad mesonephros (AGM) contains HSC which migrate into bone marrow.
  • 3 months - foetal liver and spleen develop
  • 5 months - first bone marrow cavities form.
20
Q

what are the different ways of HSC commitment?

A
  • stochastic - random commitment to particular lineage

- instructive - determination of cell-cell contact.

21
Q

what transcription factor is involved in myeloid cell production?

A

PU1

22
Q

What transcription factor is involved in erythroid development and regulation?

A

GATA-1

23
Q

What happens if transcription factors are activated?

A

more receptors are produced on the cells surface, increased response to growth factors and thus increased lineage commitment/differentiation.

24
Q

what do colony stimulating factors do?

A

influence multiplication and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.

25
Q

features of CSF?

A
  • can be specific for cell lineage or may influence multiple lineages.
  • CSF’s bind to receptors to initiate signalling cascades within cells.
26
Q

how are CSF’s used in chemo?

A
  • used to accelerate recovery of blood.
  • in chemo, rapidly dividing cells such as blood cells may become damaged, CSF may help recover some of the damaged cells.
27
Q

what does gM-CSF do?

A

mobilise stem cells - further aid in recovery.

28
Q

what happens as we get older?

A

-proportion of fat cells in the bone marrow increases and HSC decrease.

29
Q

what happens in disease states?

A

the spleen or liver may try to accomodate RBC production which can lead to organ enlargement

30
Q

what is in stomal cells?

A
  1. reticular fibroblasts
  2. adipocytes
  3. osteoblasts
  4. osteoclasts.
31
Q

what is in haematopoietic cells?

A
  1. erythroblasts
  2. megakaryocytes
  3. lymphocytes/granulocytes
  4. macrophages
32
Q

What are megakaryoblasts?

A

stem cells that develop receptors for thrombopoietin (for platelet production)

33
Q

what does megakaryoblasts do to form megakaryocytes?

A

repeatedly replicates its DNA without dividing to form gigantic cell called megakaryocyte.

34
Q

how are platelets formed from megakaryocytes?

A

megakaryocyte cytoplasm splits off cell fragments that enter the bloodstream as platelets.

35
Q

what does haemopoiesis arise from?

A

multipotent stem cells in bone marrow

36
Q

order of formation?

A

stem cells
progenitor cells
red cells, granulocytes, (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), monocytes, platelets, B and T lymphocytes.

37
Q

rbc development?

A

hsc
proerythroblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

38
Q

what does proerythroblast have?

A

receptors for epo

Haematology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions