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infectious diseases > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

1
Q

A highly contagious sexually-transmitted disease, including oral and anal sex

Caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
M>F

A

syphillis

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2
Q

syphillis organisim

gender

A

Caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
M>F

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3
Q

Primary – typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Development of lesions
Secondary – occurs approximately four to ten weeks after the primary infection
Latent – having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease
Tertiary – occur approximately 3 to 15 years after the initial infection.

A

syphillis

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4
Q

syphillis
- Primary (2 POINTS)
- Secondary – occurs approximately ___ after the primary infection
Latent – having ____ (with or without) symptoms of disease
Tertiary – occur approximately ___ after the initial infection.

A

Primary – typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Development of lesions
Secondary – occurs approximately four to ten weeks after the primary infection
Latent – having serologic proof of infection WITHOUT symptoms of disease
Tertiary – occur approximately 3 to 15 years after the initial infection.

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5
Q

Tertiary syphillis

and 4 further classifications

A

Tertiary – occur approximately 3 to 15 years after the initial infection. Classified further into:
Gummatous syphilis
Late neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis
Congenital syphilis – transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy

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6
Q

I came in to see my physician assistant because of…
Primary (3 days – 3 months after contact)
Chancre sores – lesions where the bacteria appears at the point of contact
A single, firm, painless, non-itchy ulceration. It has a clean base and clear borders
Macule > Papule > Ulcer
Lymph nodes enlargement
Secondary (4 – 10 weeks after primary)

A

syphillis

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7
Q

Symmetrical, reddish-pink, non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, including the palms and soles of the feet. It is a maculopapular rash

A

syphillis

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8
Q

describe syphillis rash

A

Symmetrical, reddish-pink, non-itchy rash on the trunk and extremities, including the palms and soles of the feet. It is a maculopapular rash

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9
Q 
Fever
Sore throat
Malaise
Weight loss
Hair loss
Headache
A

other syphillis symptoms

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10
Q

Physical exam findings
Presence of a chancre sore
Symmetrical maculopapular rash on trunk, extremities and palms and soles of feet.

A

syphillis

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11
Q

A question mentions dark field microscopy. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Syphilis

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12
Q

syphillis

  • what is diagnostic
  • cannot be what
  • order what else
A

Dark field microscopy is diagnostic, but technically difficult
Can not be cultured
-order blood tests

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13
Q

syphillis

  • primary symptoms occurs how long after contact
  • describe primary lesions
  • scondary symptoms occur when
A

Primary (3 days – 3 months after contact)
Chancre sores – lesions where the bacteria appears at the point of contact
A single, firm, painless, non-itchy ulceration. It has a clean base and clear borders
Macule > Papule > Ulcer
Lymph nodes enlargement
Secondary (4 – 10 weeks after primary)

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14
Q

syphillis Nontreponemal test

A

*Nontreponemal – positive at 4-6 weeks and during primary and secondary, but are negative during tertiary phase.

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15
Q

Testing for tertiary syphilis (3)

A

Lumbar puncture
Joint aspiration
Tissue biopsy

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16
Q

*Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
-Rapid Plasma Reagin Tests (RPR)
Treponemal
*Treponema Pallidum Particle Agglutination (TPHA) used after VDRL to confirm results of a positive test
*Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test (FTA-Abs)

A

syphillis blood tests

17
Q

syphillis medications (4)

A

**Benzathine Penicillin G – administered intramuscularly, single dose, during the early stage of infection

Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone

18
Q

syphillis non medication part of treatment

A 
Sexual abstinence and treatment of all sexual partners
Syphilis needs to reported to the CDC
Jarisch – Herxheimer reaction
It is an immune response to the materials released by the destruction of the spirochetes
Fever / chills
Muscle pain
Headache
No need to stop treatment
Resolves in 24 hours
19
Q

Jarisch – Herxheimer reaction

  • definition
  • symptoms (4)
  • stop treatment?
  • resolves when
A 
-syphillis
It is an immune response to the materials released by the destruction of the spirochetes
Fever / chills
Muscle pain
Headache
No need to stop treatment
Resolves in 24 hours
20
Q

It is an immune response to the materials released by the destruction of the spirochetes
Fever / chills
Muscle pain
Headache

A

Jarisch – Herxheimer reaction for syphillis
No need to stop treatment
Resolves in 24 hours

21
Q

Chlamydia

  • organism
  • common?
  • The most common cause of ____ in men
  • In woman may cause what 3 things
  • Once the leading cause of ___ in the world
A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Most common sexually transmitted bacteria
  • The most common cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men
  • In woman may cause cervicitis, salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (A major cause of infertility)
  • Once the leading cause of blindness in the world
22
Q

-Most common sexually transmitted bacteria

A

Chlamydia

23
Q

-The most common cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men

A

Chlamydia

24
Q

-In woman may cause cervicitis, salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (A major cause of infertility)

A

Chlamydia

25
Q 
Signs and Symptoms in Men
Watery discharge
Less painful than gonococcal urethritis
Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
Pain and swelling around the testicles
A

Chlamydia

Most often no symptoms at all

26
Q

Signs and Symptoms in Women
Abnormal vaginal discharge that may have an odor
Bleeding between periods
Painful periods
Abdominal pain with/without a raised temperature
Pain when having sex
Itching or burning in or around the vagina
Pain when urinating

A

Chlamydia

Most often no symptoms at all

27
Q

Chlamydia Signs and Symptoms in Men (3)

painful?

A

Watery discharge
Less painful than gonococcal urethritis
Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
Pain and swelling around the testicles

28
Q

Chlamydia Signs and Symptoms in women (7)

A

Abnormal vaginal discharge that may have an odor
Bleeding between periods
Painful periods
Abdominal pain with/without a raised temperature
Pain when having sex
Itching or burning in or around the vagina
Pain when urinating

29
Q

Labs and studies for chlamydia (3)

- where are discharge samples taken from in men and women?

A

Gram stain negative
Swab for culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Urine sample

Discharge sample for women is taken from the cervix
Discharge sample for men is taken from the urethra

30
Q

chlamydia Treatment and Prevention

screen who?

A

Medications: Azithromycin and Doxycycline

Screening Woman under 25 who are at risk and all
pregnant woman

Abstinence
Use of barrier protection
Few sexual partners
All sexual partners need to be treated.

31
Q

Is Chlamydia gram positive or negative?

A

Gram negative

32
Q 
Human Papillomavirus
Transmission is through \_\_\_
Present in 90% of \_\_\_ cancer patients.
HPV \_\_ and \_\_\_make up 65% of cervical cancer cases
Genital warts (HPV \_\_\_ & \_\_\_)
A

Transmission is through direct contact
Present in 90% of cervical cancer patients.
HPV 16 and 18 make up 65% of cervical cancer cases
Genital warts (HPV 6 & 11)

33
Q

The most common sexual transmitted infection;

causes what?

A

HPV

Causes warts

34
Q

I came in to see my physician assistant today because of…
Common warts
Plantar warts
Genital warts (HPV 6 & 11)
Flat, cauliflower lesions
Women – Most commonly found on the vulva but may be near anus, in the vagina or on the cervix
Men – On the Penis, scrotum or near the anus

A

HPV

35
Q

HPV warts found where on men and women

A

Women – Most commonly found on the vulva but may be near anus, in the vagina or on the cervix
Men – On the Penis, scrotum or near the anus

36
Q

3 HPV tests

A

-Vinegar (acetic acid) solution test
A vinegar solution is applied that turns HPV-infected genital areas white which helps in identifying difficult-to-see flat lesions
-Nucleic acid amplification test for HPV DNA
Check for high risk types of HPV that have been linked to genital cancers.
Does not change management of the patient
-Papanicolaou test (Pap)
Cervical swab and microscopic examination of the cells looking for abnormalities which may represent cancerous cells.

37
Q

HPV vacc for who

and the treatment (6)

A

-HPV vaccination is currently recommended for young children
-Salicylic Acid
-Common warts
—Removes layers of the warts gradually
—Freezing with liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy)
Electrocautery
Laser surgery
Scalpel

38
Q

gonococcal treatment

A

Widespread antibiotic resistance
IM ceftriaxone with doxycycline or azithromycin
All partners must be treated

infectious diseases (7 decks)

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