Status epileptikus Flashcards

1
Q

Definisi status epileptikus

A

Kejang terus menerus atau berulang tanpa disertai pulihnya kesadaran diantara kejang. Kesepakatan batas waktu 30 menit.

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2
Q

Etiologia status epileptikus

A

Akut: infeksi, hipoksia, hipoglikemia, gg elektrolit, trauma kepala, perdarahan, stroke

Remote (ada riw kelainan): HIE, trauma kepala, infeksi, kelainan otak kongenital

Kelainan neuro progresif: tumor otak, kelainan metabolik, autoimun

Epilepsi

Idiopatik/kriptogenik

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3
Q

Faktor risiko status epileptikus

A

Epilepsi
Pasien sakit kritis: HIE, trauma kepala, infeksi SSP, penyakit CVS, PJB postop, HT ensefalopati

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4
Q

Neurotransmiter eksitasi ….
inhibisi ….

A

eksitasi –> neurotran, Ach
inhibisi –> GABA

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5
Q

Algoritma obat anti kejang

A

Diazepam supp
Diazepam IV atau midazolam buccal
Fenitoin IV
Fenobarbital IV
Refrakter SE
- Midazolam IV
- Propofol IV
- Pentobarbital IV

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6
Q

Dosis diazepam supp

A

5mg supp <12kg
10mg supp >=12 kg
max 2x, jarak 5 menit

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7
Q

Dosis diazepam IV

A

Diazepam 0,2-0,5 mg/kg
kec 2 mg/menit, max 10mg

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8
Q

Dosis fenitoin

A

Fenitoin 20 mg/kg diencerkan dlm 50cc NS selama 20 menit, max 1gr

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9
Q

Dosis fenobarbital

A

Fenobarbital 20 mg/kg kec 10-20 mg/menit, max 1gr

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10
Q

Dosis midazolam IV

A

Bolus 100-200 mcg/kg (max 10mg), lanjut infus kontiniu 100 mcg/kg/jam, bisa dinaikkan 50 mcg/kg tiap 15 menit (max 2 mg/kg/jam)

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11
Q

Dosis propofol

A

Bolus 1-3 mg/kg lanjut infus kontiniu 2-10 mg/kg/jam

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12
Q

Dosis pentobarbital

A

Bolus 5-15 mg/kg lanjut infus kontiniu 0,5-5 mg/kg/jam

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13
Q

Dosis midazolam buccal

A

0,2 mg/kg IM/buccal max 10mg ditetes di buccal kanan selama 1 menit pakai spuit 1cc

usia 6-12 bln : 2,5 mg
usia 1-5 thn : 5 mg
usia 5-9 thn : 7,5 mg
usia >10 thn : 10 mg

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14
Q

Cara tapering off midazolam infus kontiniu

A

Bebas kejang 24 jam, midazolam turun bertahap kec 0,1 mg/jam dan distop setelah 48 jam bebas kejang

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15
Q

Kalau pasien ada riwayat status epileptikus tapi saat dapat sudah tidak kejang, berikan …

A

fenitoin atau fenobarbital 10 mg/kg IV lalu rumatan

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16
Q

Dosis rumatan fenitoin dan fenobarbital

A

Fenitoin: 5-10 mg/kg dibagi 2 dosis

Fenobarbital: 3-5 mg/kg dibagi 2 dosis

17
Q

Efek samping propofol

A

propofol infusion syndrome
- rhabdomiolosis, hiperkalemia, gagal ginjal, gagal hati, gagal jantung, asidosis metabolik

18
Q

Efek samping asam valproat

A

ensefalopati hepatik
hiperamonia

19
Q

Faktor risiko SE berulang

A

usia muda
ensefalopati progresif
etiologi simtomatis remote
sindrom epilepsi