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Chemistry > States Of Matter, Diffusion, Solutions & Solubility > Flashcards

States Of Matter, Diffusion, Solutions & Solubility Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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2
Q

What does each state depend on

A

How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material

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3
Q

What does the strength of the forces depend on

A

The material
The temperature
The pressure

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4
Q

Describe the arrangement in solids

A

The arrangement is very regular and the particles have a strong force of attraction holding them close together, with little energy

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5
Q

Describe solid particles movement

A

The particles don’t move, so they keep a definite shape and volume. However they do vibrate about a fixed point

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6
Q

What happens when solid particles are heated

A

The particles vibrate more causing the solid to expand slightly

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7
Q

Describe the arrangement of liquids

A

Liquid particles are arranged randomly and are free to move past each other with their weak force of attraction however the particles tend to stick closely together

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8
Q

Describe liquid particles movement

A

Liquid particles have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape as the particles are constantly moving with random motion

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9
Q

What happens when a liquid is heated

A

The liquid parties move faster causing the liquid to expand slightly

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10
Q

Describe the arrangement of gas particles

A

Gas particles have very weak forces of attraction and lots of energy so they are arranged very randomly and far apart while moving freely

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11
Q

Describe the movement of gases

A

Gas particles are constantly moving with random motion and therefore don’t keep a definite shape or volume and will always fill any container, the particles travel in straight lines

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12
Q

What happens to Gas particles when heated

A

The particles gain more energy so they move even faster and expand or their pressure increases

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13
Q

What is the process when a solid turns into a liquid

A

Melting

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14
Q

What is the process when a liquid turns into a gas

A

Evaporating

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15
Q

What is the process when a solid turns into a Gas

A

Subliming

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16
Q

What is the process in which a liquid turns into a solid

A

Freezing

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17
Q

What is the process in which a gas turns into a liquid

A

Condensing

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18
Q

What happens during melting

A

The solid particles gain energy
This makes the particles vibrate more wracking the forces of attraction
Making the solid expand
At melting point the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions

19
Q

What happens during evaporation

A

The liquid particles gain more energy
Making the particles move faster which weakens and breaks the bonds holding the liquid together
At evaporation point the particles have enough energy to break their bonds

20
Q

What type of change is a change of state

A

Physical

21
Q

What happens when states change

A

Physical changes change the arrangement or energy of the particles of the material

22
Q

What happens to the temperature of a pure substance when boiled

A

It stays the same

23
Q

What is the energy used for when a liquid boils

A

For the liquid particles to turn into gas particles

24
Q

What is the energy used for when a liquid boils

A

To change the liquid particles into gas particles

25
Q

What is the name given to the white ring when ammonia gas and Hydrogen chloride gas diffuse

A

Ammonia Chloride

26
Q

What can’t liquids be compressed

A

Because they move around each other but are still touching

27
Q

Why can’t solids be compressed

A

Because there’s not room for the particles to be closer together, they’re already touching

28
Q

Why can gases be compressed

A

Because there is space between the particles

29
Q

Why can liquids flow

A

Because the particles move around each other

30
Q

Define diffusion

A

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

31
Q

Can diffusion happen in solids

A

No

32
Q

When does diffusion occur quicker

A

In warm fluids

33
Q

How do smells travel

A

By diffusion

34
Q

What is a solute

A

The thing being dissolved

35
Q

What is a solvent

A

The liquid the solute is being dissolved into

36
Q

What is a solution

A

The mixture the solute and solvent make

37
Q

What does soluble mean

A

If the solute can be dissolved it is soluble

38
Q

What does in soluble mean

A

If the solute cannot be dissolved it is insoluble

39
Q

How does dissolving work

A

When you add a solute to a solvent the bonds holding the solute molecules together sometimes break from the solvent particles bashing against the solute particles and the molecules mic with the molecules in the liquid

40
Q

What is solubility

A

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent

41
Q

How is solubility measured

A

g per solute per 100g of solvent
g/100g of…

42
Q

What can you use solubility curves for

A

To see the solubility of a substance at a specific temperature

43
Q

How do you calculate solubility

A

Mass of the solid ‘/, mass of the water removed x 100

44
Q

How would you investigate how temperate affects solubility

A

Make a saturated solution of ammonium chloride in water
Put the boiling tube in a water bath
Weigh an empty evaporating basin
Pour some of the solution
Reweigh the basin
Heat
Re weigh the basin and contents
Repeat with other temps

Chemistry (15 decks)

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