State Board Flashcards
What are translucent gel like substance forms living matter in all plant and animal cells?
Protoplasm (includes cytoplasm and nucleus).
What is paronychia?
bacterial infection of Nail Fold
What is pilica polonica?
Excessive matting of the hair
length and height are created by which lines?
Vertical Lines
What is physiology?
study of how functions and activities of the body’s structures
What are stress strips used for?
To add strength they are piece of material typically fiberglass ,silk or linen. Its placed over the area where the tip meets the natural nail.
What is alopecia (area)ta?
bald patches on areas of the body
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Type of cancer ( it occurs to areas exposed to sun)
What is the test curl used for?
To see how the hair is softening and to see how the new curl patter is developing
What are the diameters on concave rods?
they have a smaller diameter in the center and wider diameter on either end
What is eye tabbing?
Application of individual synthetic lashes applied to the base of clients natural lashes
What is the Nail Mantle?
Area of the nail that holds the nail root and matrix
What is onychauxis?
Thickening of the nail
What is balanced?
when elements of design are in equal or correct proportions to one another
What is a 3 - way buffer?
Is designed with different grits to remove ridges, unevenness , fix minor flaws and finish with high shine
What is bromhidrosis?
secretion of foul smelling sweat
What is the Arc or Stem?
Located between the base and first turn of the circle
What two divisions is the skin divided into?
The epidermis which is the outermost layer and the dermis is the innermost layer.
What are linen wraps?
They are the strongest however the resin does not penetrate fabric as well as it does silk or fiberglass
What is onychocryptosis?
Ingrown nail; condition where the nail plate cuts into the surrounding skin
What is a dart?
alternation made to a wig to remove width in the nape area
What is malpractice?
insurance protects owner in the event client sues the salon resulting from employee negligence during a service
What is the monthly average growth of hair?
1/2 inch
What is electricity?
Movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy
What phase is telogen?
The resting phase
What do you use for permanent hair removal?
it involves the use of an electric current to damage the cells of the papilla
What is a zonal relaxer?
it relaxes specific area of the head this technique is most commonly used on the sides of the head and nape area on the short taper cuts
What are complementary colors?
colors across from one another on the color wheel. They help neutralize one another and used to correct unwanted tones. ( GREEN neutralizes RED, VIOLET neutralizes YELLOW, BLUE neutralizes ORANGE TONES.)
What is hypopigmentation?
loss of skin color or the absence of normal amounts of melanin in the skin. “ Hypo” indicates a “less than normal” condition.
What is leuconychia?
known as white spots and often result of an injury to the matrix.
What features does a heart shaped face has?
wide forehead and narrow chin. ( To make it appear more oval decrease width along the forehead and add width in the jawline and neck area
What lines will draw the viewers eyes in an up and down direction?
Vertical lines ( graduated, layer and taper cuts)
What lines will draw your eye in a side to side direction?
Horizontal lines
How long does it take to replace a lost fingernail?
4 - 6 months
How long does it take to replace a toenail?
It can take up to 1 year
Where is the hair root located?
below the skin’s surface. The ( hair root )is comprised of the follicle, bulb, papilla, arrector pili and sebaceous gland
What is scope of practice?
Refers to the list of procedures, actions and processes that the technician can perform within their state and the terms of their license.
What is onycholysis?
separation of the nail plate from the nail bed. (painless and gradually separates over a period of time. Condition may result from a traumatic experience, infection or some disease
What is the nail plate?
is made up of dead cells (hardened keratin) lies directly on top of the nail bed. ( The nail plate protects the nail bed which is made up of live cells, blood vessels and nerves
What is a wheal or welt?
An area of the skin that may be temporarily raised its usually reddened and also contains itching. (Hives or mosquito bites are examples of a wheal)
What area is the crest area?
is the widest area that goes around the head (Also know as parietal ridge and where the head begins to curve away from the comb.)
What is the average growth for a fingernail?
1/8 - 1/10 per month
What are nonconductors or insulators?
they allow little to no sound, heat or electricity to pass through them
What are modacrylic fibers?
they are formulated from acrylic and petroleum products and used to make synthetic wigs and hairpieces
What shape does the graduated haircut have?
it has a triangular or wedge shape (which is the result of using low to medium elevation.)
Which color lasts from shampoo to shampoo?
Temporary colors (they have larger molecules that sit on the hair shaft and do not enter into the cortex.)
Which area is the closest to the scalp and the foundation of a pin curl?
The Base (non - movable area that is closest to the scalp.
)
What do non oxidative colors include?
temporary and semipermanent colors
What do oxidative colors include?
permanent and demi permanent colors
What is double process application?
1.) pre lightening 2.) Applying a color (Toner) to achieve the desired color shade. (Toners may be semipermanent, demipermanent or permanent colors.)
What are temporary colors?
They have larger color molecules that sit on the hair shaft and do not enter into the cortex
What are demi permanent colors?
they have larger and small molecules and can penetrate into the cortex and lay on the cuticle
What are permanent colors?
they have smaller molecules that penetrate into the cortex and add artificial color to the hair
On a file, the lower the grit the?
higher the number of abrasive particles on the file
On a file, the higher the grit the?
Lower amount of particles on the file
What are must it penetrate with relaxers and permanent waves to change the natural pattern of the natural hair?
cortex layer. The sulfur bond, (in the cortex layer) must be broken in order to change the curl pattern of the hair
What are proper sizing procedures called?
they are called blocking (they are used to ensure the size and shape of the wig)
What is the medulla?
Is the center or the innermost layer of the hair fiber (Not all hair types have a medulla)
Which type of hair fibers will burn slower and produce an odor?
Human Hair
Which type of hair will melt and ball up at the end or continue to flame and burn out quickly without producing an odor?
Synthetic Hair
An organism that lives on or in a host species and obtains its nutrients and /or protection from them is a?
parasite (they require another organism (host) in order to survive
To prove your identity and that you can legally work in the United States, both the employee and the employer will complete a/an?
1 -9 Form
The relaxer that has a ph over 12 on the ph scale is the?
Sodium Hydroxide Relaxer (they have a pH of 12.5 - 14 on the pH scale, they are much stronger than this relaxers.
What is the cortex layer made of?
is made up primarily of protein and contains melanocytes (color). This layer of the hair produces your hair color and gives hair its elasticity
What is the high point of the nail called?
the apex (the stress area is directly above the area where the nail grows out to a free edge )
What makes a service or technique inadvisable?
Contraindications
The solution used to restructure or regarded the hair in a relaxing service is called a?
Stabilizer or neutralizing shampoo is used
A uniform cut uses a?
Traveling guide (has the same length throughout the head uses a mobile guide and 90 degree projection throughout the haircut. The technique consists of using small piece of the previously cut section as a guide for cutting the next section).
The type of pincurl that has the most mobility and sits off its base?
A full stem or off - base pincurl sits directly below its base and has the most mobility
The most commonly used tool position is the?
Half off tool position ( achieved by holding hair at a 90 degree angle. This position reduces stress on the hair. The tool sits half above and half below the bottom parting).
What are the 3 parts of a cell?
CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS
The technique of relaxing the hair by 50% of its natural curl pattern is called?
Curl diffusion ( sometimes its referred to as a chemical blowout)
The main ingredient used in a soft curl relaxer service is?
Ammonia thioglycolate (Reformation curls, soft curls or double process perm they all use ammonia thioglycolate)
In the anagen stage the?
The hair bulb is attached to the hair root and new hair is produced. This is the growing or active phase and can last 2 - 6 years
What is the croquignole wrap?
wrapping the hair from the hair ends to the scalp where each rotation overlaps the previous section
What will horizontal lines add to a hair design?
will create width in a design
What will vertical lines create in a hair design?
will create length and height in a design
The part of the nail a technician is prohibited from trimming and or cutting?
The eponychium ( is the living tissue at the base of the nail that covers the matrix)
What is an unstable, temporary mixture, that will separate over time?
Suspension ( they are two or more molecules/ particles that are mixed together. They are unstable mixtures that tend to separate over time. For example oil and vinegar.)
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
the epidermis ( consists of 5 layers, it is located above the dermis division.)
What is a electrochemical effects?
they produce relaxation, tightening of the pores, to stimulation of nerves. (The galvanic current has an electrochemical effect.)
What is the technical term for excessive or abnormal hair growth?
is hypertrichosis or hirsuties
Which nail wrap is made of a looser weave mesh material?
Fiberglass is the least strongest however is easy to work with and because of its looser weave, the resin easily penetrates it and creates a strong adhesion
Fingerwaves are an example of repeating curved lines that are?
placed horizontally, vertically or diagonally. If done correctly they will never intersect one another
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands from a buildup of secretions, which resulting in a sever case of pimples?
Acne ( is the inflammation of the sebaceous glands, characterized by pimples and or comedones
The capital needed to start a business may include?
Assets
Which massage manipulation is used for relaxation?
Effleurage ( is a gentle circular massage movement, this is typically used at the beginning and end of the massage to relax your client.)
When removing polish from acrylic enhancements, you should use?
Non acetone products ( acetone will erode away acrylic products and it is used in acrylic nail removal.)
A dart is a vertical seam made to?
to remove width in the nape area
What is a tuck?
A horizontal alteration to shorten or remove bulk from front to nape
For a virgin application going to a darker level than the natural hair color, the technique to use is a?
BASE TO ENDS APPLICATION
Acid solutions have a pH of?
0 - 6.9
Neutral solutions have a pH of?
7
Alkaline solutions have a pH of?
7.1 - 14
Another term for the nail plate?
The nail body is the hard keratin of the nail that lies atop of the nail bed. It contains no blood vessels or nerves and protects the nail bed
For a virgin relaxer service, the relaxer is applied?
Off the scalp, then back to the scalp and ends
Ringworm of the nail is called?
Tinea Unguium and onychomycosis are a fungal infection of the nail
The relaxer that breaks the disulfide bond, then loses a sulfur atom and a lanthionine bond is formed in its place is the?
sodium hydroxide relaxer ( after the processing step, the disulfide bond is not reformed, rather a sulfur atom is lost and a new bond is formed (lanthionine bond).
The most effective method of infection control is?
Sterilization
What is friction?
the deep penetration movement, using the palms or fingertips. (circular friction movements are performed.)
Lanugo hair is usually replaced by?
vellus hair (LANUGO HAIR is short downy hair that covers the fetus or newborn. ) Lanugo hair changes into (VELLUS HAIR, which is fine hair that covers the body, typically through puberty. ) (Vellus hair is then replaced by the coarse pigmented hair known as TERMINAL HAIR ).
The method of putting in a cornrow and then attaching the extension by sewing the weft to the cornrow?
TRACK AND SEW ( Sew method a 3 strand on the scalp braid is used as the support structure to sew in a weft of hair).
If the perm solution is not evenly distributed across the hair, it may result in?
uneven curls
Percussion is another term for?
Tapotement ( also known as hacking is the massage movement that uses a slapping, tapping or hacking movement to increase blood circulation, muscle contractions and stimulation of nerves).
Wet hair will stretch approximately?
50% and return to its original form without breakage
Located at the base of the follicle, fits into the hair bulb?
papilla
Skin regulates the body’s temperature which should be around?
98.6 is the normal body temperature
A formal summary of the aims and values of the company, individual or organization is a?
Mission Statement ( summarizes the aims and values of the company).
Which of the following is not part of a basic facial treatment?
eyebrow tweezing is an add on service
A narrow jaw and wide - set forehead is characteristic of a?
Heart Face ( wide forehead and narrow chin).
When you shut off your appliance you are breaking the circuit and that is known as a/an?
Open circuit ( turning off appliance breaks the flow of electricity which results in open circuit.)
what does turning on your appliance creates?
A closed circuit
Design elements consist of lines, color, space and?
Form and texture
Periodic sheding of the nail, usually resulting from a disease?
Onychoptosis ( caused by a disease and or injury that results in the part of all of the nail shedding and eventually falling off. )
To make an oblong face appear more oval, your main objective would be to make the face appear shorter in length and?
Add width to the cheek area
The sudoriferous gland produces?
sweat
Presences of excessive body or facial hair is known as?
Hirsuties ( the growth of an unusual amount of hair in areas that would normally not have that much or only soft downy hair.)
Tissues are made up of groups of similar?
cells
A growth pattern that forms a v- shape point at front hairline and curves to one side?
widows peak
A performed hairpiece worn in the crown or nape area?
chignon is a long segment of hair that has been pre shaped into a bun or loop, sewn to a base and worn at the nape area or in the crown of the head.
The sebaceous and sudoriferous glands make up this system?
Integumentary system protects the body in a variety of ways, aiding in the loss and elimination of water/ waste to the protection from cuts or abrasions.
silver is an example of a?
most metals are conductors. silver, copper and graphite are a few examples of metals that are conductors
Having the hair ends protrude beyond the iron can cause?
fishhooks
A color primer or concealer can be used to?
counteract unwanted undertones in the natural skin
scalp disorder where oily flakes and sebum combine and form greasy scales/ flakes that stick to the scalp?
pityriasis steatoides
The simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down further without losing its identity?
elements are substances that cannot be chemically broken down further without destroying its identity
A freckle is an example of a
macule is a discolored patch of skin that is not raised
leuconychia can be a hereditary condition or caused by injury, the common appearance is?
white spots and often a result of an injury to the matrix
skin brushing machines are an example of?
mechanical exfoliant is a product used to slough off dead skin cells. Examples are masks, scrubs or skin brushing applications
A haircut with a weight line around the perimeter and cut zero elevation is a?
blunt cut
technical term for any electrically powered appliance?
load
The following is an example of permanent hair removal?
electrolysis this method uses a current that destroys the growth of cells at the papilla
This light produces heat and used in facials or as an aid to processing hair color?
Infrared light produced heat, has less energy and longer wavelengths then visible light or ultraviolet light
The main ingredient in an alkaline wave is?
ammonia thioglycolate
The main ingredient in an acid wave is?
glyceryl monothioglycolate acid
the nail matrix is the formative layer of the nail where?
cell division takes place
A comparative relationship between two features or body parts such as overall size, head shape, nose size, etc?
proportion
The least expensive method of wig construction is done by sticking together wefts of hair that will form the base and shape of the wig?
machine made wigs are wefts of hair that are sewn to a cap typically in a circular or crisscross pattern.
human hair wigs should be cleaned every?
2 -4 weeks
The largest expense in a salon will be?
salaries
progressive hair color typically contain?
metallic salts
The round shaped or ovoid shaped bacteria that can appear in groups or singularly?
cocci
The relaxer comes in 3 strengths?
mild, regular and super
These lines will create width in a hair design?
horizontal
most bacteria are?
one celled organisms
The outer most layer of the hair strand is the?
cuticle
The nail is part of the?
Integumentary system
which of the following lesions does not require medical attention?
macule discolored patch
Income minus expenses shows you whether you made a?
profit or loss
The papers used in chemical waving, to control the hair ends when wrapping its round a tool?
end papers
A nail technician may not treat or give a service to someone with?
onycholysis separation of the nail plate from the bed, but the nail itself does not fall off
If we look at our skin, the layer we see is the?
stratum corneum also known as the horny layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis
The epidermis is the?
outermost layer
Prior to the hair removal service the area should be cleansed with a/an?
antiseptic
A gum like substance that helps unite two unfixable particles is called a/an?
emulsifier ingredient that will unite two otherwise immisicible items together to form a mixture
Electricity produces 3 main effects?
HEAT, ELECTROCHEMICAL,MECHANICAL
Lines that are parallel to the floor and used to create weight?
horizontal lines
The facial shape that should have added height or width at the top/ temple area?
triangle
Sebum mixes with perspiration to form the?
Acid mantle
One way to achieve a high shine on the nail is to use?
A 3 way buffer
It is important to air form in the?
Direction of the cuticle scales ( going against the cuticle scales can cause damage).
The hair characteristics that determines how close to the scalp you can thin the hair is?
texture ( coarse hair should be cut further from the scalp than fine hair ).
The angle you move the head in order to cut that section?
head position
The blow dryer attachment that directs the heat to a smaller specific area of the hair?
concentrator
This light is less penetrating, produces germicidal effects and has the shortest wavelengths in the light spectrum?
ultraviolet
What bond must be chemically broken in the permanent wave process?
disulfide bond
It is recommend when applying soft wax that you hold spatula at a?
45 degrees
