Sperm Manufacture

Question 1

What is the creation of spermatid cells known as?

Answer 1

Spermatogenesis

Question 2

Where and how does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 2

In semeniferous tubules

Starts at puberty by control of hormones

Question 3

What is GnRH (Gonatrotropin releasing hormone)

Answer 3

Hormone released by the hypothalamus to initiate spermagenesis

Question 4

What is the effector to GnRH?

Answer 4

Travels to the anterior part of the tpituitary gland

Question 5

What hormones does GnRH trigger the release of?

Answer 5

1. L.H. (leutinizing hormon)
2. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone

Question 6

What does L.H. effect and cause?

Answer 6

Causes interstitial cells of Leydig to release testosterone

Question 7

What are some of the secondary sex characteristics caused by testosterone?

Answer 7

• Increase in protein synthesis
• increases size of thyroid cartilage
• grows facial and body hair

Question 8

What are the body effects of testosterone?

Answer 8

• Helps the kidneys maintain water and ion balance
• Has mental effects
• Stimulate and maintains spermatogenesis

Question 9

• What does FSH affect?
• What does it cause?

Answer 9

• Binds to sertoli cells
• Sertoli cells release ABP

Question 10

What are diploid cells?

Answer 10

Cells that have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)

Question 11

What are spermatogonium?

Answer 11

Diploid cells that go through the process of mitosis to create two cells.

Question 12

What is mitosis?

What does it do?

Answer 12

Creation of two cells that are identical to parent cells.

Remove centromere of chromosomes and separate chromatid pairs.

Question 13

What two cells are created from Spermatogonium?

Answer 13

1. Spermatogonium
2. Primary spermatocyte

Question 14

What do primary spermatocytes do?

Answer 14

Undergo meiosis to create two secondary spermatocytes

Question 15

What is meiosis?

Answer 15

Process in which parent cell splits and creates two cells with half the number of chromosomes.

Question 16

What do secondary spermatocyte do?

Answer 16

Grow through meiosis once again and split into two spermatid cell.

Question 17

How many chromosomes do primary spermatocytes have?

What process does it go through?

Answer 17

23 pairs. Diploid cell.

Meiosis I

Question 18

What does meiosis I do to primary spermatocytes?

Answer 18

Separate pairs of chromosomes.

Question 19

• How many chromosomes do secondary spermatocytes have?
• What process do they go through?

Answer 19

23 chromosomes (no pairs)

Meiosis II

Question 20

What does meiosis II do to secondary spermatocytes?

Answer 20

Separate chromatids so spermatid have half the necessary genes.

Question 21

One Primary spermatocyte results in ___ spermatid cells.

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What is the process in which spermatid cells are converted to mature sperm cells?

Answer 22

Spermiogenesis

Question 23

What is the tail of a sperm cell?

Answer 23

One flagellum for movement.

Question 24

What is the midpiece of a sperm cell?

Answer 24

Middle structure that houses many mitochondria.

Question 25

Part of the sperm cell that houses the DNA:

Answer 25

Head

Question 26

Cover the head of the sperm cell:

What is its purpose?

Answer 26

Acrosome

House species specific enzymes for egg penetration.