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pathology > special stains to know > Flashcards

special stains to know Flashcards

1
Q

verhoff-van geison (VVG)

A

target: elastic fibers, collagen, other connective tissue
color: black, red, yellow
helps with perforating disease(s)

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2
Q

masson trichome

A

target: smooth muscle, collagen
color: blue, green, red
* infantile digital fibromatosis

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3
Q

Movat’s pentachrome

A

target: smooth muscle, collagen
color: black, yellow, red
* infantile digital fibromatosis

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4
Q

phosphotungistic acid hematoxylin (PTAH)

A

target: smooth muscle, collagen
color: red, blue
* infantile digital fibromatosis

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5
Q

oil-red-O

A

target: lipids
color: red
* not commonly use, must be performed on frozen tissue for LIPIDS

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6
Q

Sudan black B

A

target: lipids
color: black
* not commonly use, must be performed on frozen tissue for LIPIDS

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7
Q

scarlet red

A

target: lipids
color: red-brown
* not commonly use, must be performed on frozen tissue for LIPIDS

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8
Q

perls/prussian blue

A

target: iron/hemosiderin
color: blue
often used with fontana-masson to differentiate melanin vs. hemosiderin

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9
Q

von kossa

A

target: calcium
color: brown-black
stains anions rather than calcium

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10
Q

alizarin red

A

target: calcium
color: red-orange
* more specific for calcium

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11
Q

alcian blue ph 0.5

A

target: mucin
color: blue

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12
Q

alcian blue ph 2.5

A

target: mucin
color: blue
* ***stains hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

colloidal iron

A

target: mucin
color: blue

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14
Q

mucicarmine

A

target: mucin
color: pink-red
* not good for dermal mucin, only epithelial

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15
Q

periodic acid schiff (PAS)

+

periodic acid schiff (PAS-D) with diastase

A

target: mucin + fungi
color: pink
* PAS-D primarily used to highlight BMZ (think DM/lupus, porphyria). PAS positive in clear cell acanthoma and trichilemmoma

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16
Q

toluidine blue

A

target: mucin
color: red-purple
* more often used as mast cell stain

17
Q

congo red

A

target: amyloid
color: pink-red (apple-green biofringence)

18
Q

thioflavin T

A

target: amyloid
color: yellow-green

19
Q

Cresyl violet

A

target: amyloid
color: red

20
Q

Fontana Masson (silver stain)

A

target: melanin
color: black
* also, used in conjunction with Perls/Prussian blue to distinguish hemosiderin vs. melanin

21
Q

Silver nitrate

A

target: melanin
color: black

22
Q

leder (chloracetate esterase)

A

target: mast cells
color: red
* only c-KIT and leder stain are reliable in degranulated skin b/c they DO NOT rely on mast cell granules. Must use lido WITHOUT epi for topical anesthesia to avoid mast cell degranulation

23
Q

tryptase

A

target: mast cells
color: red or brown

24
Q

giemsa

A

target: mast cells**, leishmania, histoplasma, and rickettsia
color: purple-blue

25
Q

toluidine blue

A

target: mast cells
color: purple

*but also mucin

26
Q

gomori methenamine (GMS silver stain)

A

target: fungi
color: black

27
Q

gram stain (brown-hopps and brown-brenn)

A

target: gram + bacteria > gram - bacteria
color: blue and red respectively

28
Q

fite

A

target: m. leprae, nocardia, atypical mycobacterium
color: red
* better than ziehl-neelsen

*best for lepromatous leprosy

29
Q

ziehl-neelsen

A

target: acid fast bacteria
color: red

30
Q

auramine-rhodamine

A

target: acid fast bacteria
color: yellow fluorescence

31
Q

warthin-starry (silver stain)

A

target: spirochetes
color: black
* this is a dirty stain and has been replaced by spirochete immunostain

32
Q

Steiner (silver stain)

A

target: spirochetes
color: black
* same as warthin-starry

33
Q

bodian

A

target: nerve axons
color: black
* negative in schwannoma

34
Q

methyl green pyronin

A

target: DNA, RNA
color: blue-green and pink respectively
* requires frozen tissue

35
Q

feulgen

A

target: DNA
color: red-purple

pathology (1 decks)

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