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French Wine Scholar > Southwest > Flashcards

Southwest Flashcards

1
Q

When was the English rule in SW France?

A

During the middle ages Gascony was incorporated into Aquitaine
This resulted in 300 years of English rule

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2
Q

What did Bordeaux do to stop the wine competition by SW France?

A

During the 13th & 14th Centuries, Bordeaux wine merchants imposed a tax against SW wine
They also passed a law stating no SW France wine could be sold until all Bordeaux wine was sold
This was a death blow to the SW France wine industry

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3
Q

Where is SW France located?

A

Bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean
On the east by the Massif Central
To the south by the Pyrénées and Spanish border
and to the north by Bordeaux

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4
Q

What are the 4 subregions of SW France that the AOC’s are divided into?

A
  1. The Bergerac & Dordogne River
  2. The Garonne and Tarn Rivers
  3. The Lot River
  4. The Pyrénées foothills
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5
Q

What are the 3 distinct climate groups of SW France?

A
  1. Bergerac & Dordogne - Maritime with Atlantic influences slightly warmer than Bordeaux
  2. Garonne/Tarn/Lot - More continental, warmer and dryer than Bordeaux impacted by both the Atlantic and Mediterranean
  3. Pyrénées foothills - Maritime with alpine influences. The Pyrénéese Mountains ensure cool nights and puts the area in a rain shadow
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6
Q

What are the red grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc (aka Bouchey)
Fer Servadou (Braucol, Manoi/Mansois, Pinenc)
Merlot
Malbec (Côt ), native to SW France
Merille (Perigord), native to SW France
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7
Q

What are the white grapes of the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion of SW France?

A 
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Ugni Blanc
Ondenc
Chenin
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8
Q

What are the white grapes of the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions of SW France?

A 
In addition to the white grapes of the Dordogne region they are
Len de l'El
Mauzac/Mauzac Rose, native to SW France
Saint Come (aka Rousselou)
Chenin (aka Rouchelein)
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9
Q

What are the red grapes of the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions of SW France?

A 
In addition to the red grapes of the Dordogne region they are:
Gamay
Tannat, native to SW France
Negrette
Duras
Syrah
Abouriou
Cinsault
Pronelard, native to SW France
Jurançon Noir, native to SW France
Muyssagues
Pinot Noir
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10
Q

What are the white grapes of the Pyrénées subregion of SW France?

A 
Arrufiac, native to SW France
Baroque, native to SW France
Camaret, native to SW France
Lauzet, native to SW France
Raffiat, native to SW France
Clairette Blanche
Courbu
Gros Manseng
Petit Manseng
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11
Q

What are the red grapes of the Pyrénées subregion of SW France?

A

Tannat
Fer Servadou
Corbu Noir
Manseng Noir

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12
Q

T or F? Merlot is native to SW France..

A

False, it is native to Bordeaux

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13
Q

What are the Synonyms for the following grapes in SW France:

Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Mérille

A

Chenin Blanc - Rouchelein
Cabernet Franc - Bouchy
Malbec - Côt
Mérille - Périgord

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14
Q

T or F? Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng are grown in the Garonne/Tarn/Lot subregions..

A

False

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15
Q

What are the general white wine styles of SW France?

A

Most whites are dry
Dessert wines can be made with botrytized or late harvest grapes
Sparkling wines are done both via Traditionelle and Ancestral methods

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16
Q

What are the general red wine styles in SW France?

A

All are dry

Some are made as Vin Primeur (Gamay). Carbonic maceration

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17
Q

What grapes are Bergerac AOC reds and rosés crafted from?

A 
At least 2 of the following:
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Côt 
Mérille
Fer Servadou
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18
Q

What grapes are the Bergerac Sec AOC dry Whites crafted from?

A 
At least 2 of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Ondenc
Chenin
Ugni Blanc - if present there must be at least the same % of Sauvignon Blanc
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19
Q

What grapes are in Côtes de Bergerac: Red and Moelleux styled whites

A

Reds- the same as Bergerac AOC but lower yields

Moelleux - the same blending formula as Bergerac Sec but an RS of .4 - 5.4%, yields are lower

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20
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion Saussignac AOC liquoreux whites?

A 
Any of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Grapes can be late harvest or botrytized RS >4.5%
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21
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion AOC of Rosette: Moelleux and Liquoreux wines?

A

Any or all of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
Muscadelle

RS is .8 - 5.4%

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22
Q

What grapes make up the Dordogne subregion AOC of Monbazillac: Liquoreux whites?

A 
Any or all of the following:
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon 
Muscadelle
Grapes may be late harvest or Botrytized

RS is > 4.5%

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23
Q

What grapes make up the Garonne and Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac: red & rosé

A

60% red, 30% white and 10% rosé
Reds and rosés: Duras, Fer and Syrah with Gamay and both cabs as blending partners
Gaillac Primeur is 100% Gamay, hand harvested and fermented via carbonic maceration

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24
Q

Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Irouléguy..

A

Southernmost AOC in SW France
Only AOC in the Basque Country
Whites: Petit & Gros Manseng and or Courbu in any percentage
Reds & rosés: At least 50% Cabernet Sauvignon & Cabernet Franc (together), plus Tannat

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25
Q

Describe the Pyrénées subregion AOC Jurançon: Vendange Tardives..

A

100% Petit Manseng and or Gros Manseng
Harvest must begin at least 5 weeks after the first day of Jurançon AOC harvest
There must be at least 2 passes in the vineyard
Wines must be held at least 18 months before being submitted to a tasting panel
Minimum 3.5% RS

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26
Q

What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Jurançon: Sec (dry), Moelleux and Liquoreux whites?

A

Sec (dry): made from Petit Manseng, Gros Manseng, Courbu, Petit Courbu, Camaralet and Lauzet < 4.5% RS
Moelleux & Liquoreux: same blending formula as for Jurançon Sec; grapes hand harvested late in the season with at least 2 passes in the vineyard > 3.5% RS

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27
Q

What grape variety is Fer Servadou similar to?

A

Cabernet Franc

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28
Q

What grape variety is Prunelard related to?

A

Malbec

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29
Q

In the Bergerac-Dordogne subregion which AOC is only dry whites?

A

Bergerac Sec AOC, similar grapes to Bordeaux

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30
Q

In the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion which AOC’s include Liquoreux wines?

A

Saussignac, Rosett & Monbazillac AOC’s

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31
Q

In the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion which AOC’s include reds & rosés?

A

Bergerac AOC similar to Bordeaux grapes

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32
Q

In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what AOC is for white only?

A

Gaillac Premières Côtes

Mauzac & Mauzac Rose are the major grapes

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33
Q

In the Garonne and Tarn subregion what grapes lead in the Gaillac: reds and rosés?

A

Syrah
Duras
Fer-Servadou

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34
Q

In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what grapes are in the Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise?

A

Mauzac and/or Mauzac Rose

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35
Q

In the Garonne & Tarn subregion what grape is in Gaillac Primeur?

A

Gamay

36
Q

In the Lot River subregion what is the major AOC?

A

Cahors

37
Q

What is the major grape variety in the Lot River subregion?

A

70% min Malbec

up to 30% Merlot and/or Tannat

38
Q

What are the major AOC’s in the Pyrénées subregion?

A 
Jurançon 
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec
Irouleguy
Madiran
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh
39
Q

What Pyrénées subregion AOC is only red

A

Madiran

40
Q

In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Fer Servadou known as

A

Pinenc

41
Q

In the Pyrénées subregion AOC of Madiran what is Cabernet Franc known as?

A

Bouchy

42
Q

What 3 Pyrénées subregion AOC’s can only produce white wines?

A

Jurançon
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh

Mansengs rule here

43
Q

What are the grapes in the Pyrénées subregion AOC’s?

A

Reds: Artisanal, rustic largely from Tannat
Whites: Largely local, obscure varieties that are unique in character and flavor profile

44
Q

What are the grapes in the Lot River sub-region sub region AOC of Cahors?

A

Long referred to as Black wines
Reds are a minimum of 70% Malbec (Côt ) with up to 30% Merlot and/or Tannat added to the blend
Malbec is indigenous to this area

45
Q

T or F? Malbec is indigenous to SW France..

A

True

46
Q

What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac: dry and sweet whites?

A

Dry whites at least 50% Mauzac, Mauzac Rose, Muscadelle and Len de l’El. Ondenc & Sauvignon are optional blanding partners

Sweet whites (Gaillac Vendange Tardives): at least 50% Len de l'El and Ondenc with an RS of > 4.5%
Muscadelle, Mauzac and Mauzac Rose are authorized blending partners
47
Q

What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn subregion AOC of Gaillac Premières-Côtes: dry whites?

A

A new white only AOC on the right bank of the Tarn River
Located within the Gaillac AOC at an altitude of 460-990’

Primary grapes: Len de l’El, Mauzac, Mauzac Rose and Muscadelle, at least 1 of these must be in the blend

Sauvignon Blanc and Ondenc complete the mix

48
Q

What grapes are in the Garonne & Tarn River subregion AOC of Gaillac: sparkling white?

A

Can be made both Traditionelle and Ancestral methods
Traditionelle follows the same blending formula as still whites
Ancestral uses 100% Mauzac and/or Mauzac Rose
Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise: > 1.7% RS
Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise Doux: > 5% RS

49
Q

When did formal viticulture begin in SW France?

A

1st century BC by the Romans. Long before Bordeaux was ever planted to the vine

50
Q

What makes the SW Region of France unique?

A

2 Distinct River Systems
AOC’s & subregions are more dissimilar than similar
Most AOC’s are unknown

51
Q

Describe the Pyrénées AOC of Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec: Dry white..

A

Pacherenc and Madiran cover the exact geographic area
Pacherence is for white and Madiran is for red
The Sec is at least 60% Courbu, Petit Courbu, Petit Manseng and/or Gros Manseng plus (optionally) Arrufiac, Sémillon and/or Sauvignon

52
Q

What are the grapes of AOC Pacherenc du Vic Bilh: Moelleux & Liquoreux whites?

A

Follows the same blending formula as Pacherenc du Vic Bilh Sec but with > 3.5% RS

53
Q

What grapes are in the Pyrénées AOC of Madiran?

A

Wines must contain > 70% Tannat

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Fer Servadou can complete the blend

54
Q

What are the IGP’s of SW France?

A

The largest and most significant IGPs are Côtes de Gascogne and Comté-Tolosan

55
Q

What is the grape mixture for the Côtes de Gascogne IGP’s?

A

About 80% white, finished dry or Moelleux, 10% red, 10% rose

75% of total is exported
Côtes de Gascogne shares the same zone of production as Armagnac

56
Q

Which SW France subregion grows Petit and Gros Manseng?

A

Pyrénées

57
Q

T or F? Gaillac Premières-Côtes makes late harvest wines from Chenin..

A

False

58
Q

T or F? Cahors is located in the Garonne/Tarn sub-region

A

True

59
Q

Gaillac Methode Gaillacoise is crafted from?

A

Mauzac & Mauzac Rose

60
Q

Braucol, Mansoi and Pinenc are all synonyms for what grape varieties?

A

Fer Servadou

61
Q

What grape variety is most associated with the Cahors AOC?

A

Malbec

62
Q

What 3 grapes are used to make the sweet wines of Saussignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC’s?

A

Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

63
Q

The term Liquoreux refers to?

A

Sweet wines made from Botrytized grapes

64
Q

What wine styles are produced in Côtes de Bergerac?

A

Red

Moelleux White

65
Q

What SW France AOC is located within French Basque Country?

A

Irouléguy AOC

66
Q

What SW France AOC makes wines mainly form Tannat?

A

Madiran

67
Q

What SW subregion produces wines the closest in style to Bordeaux?

A

Dordogne- Bergerac

68
Q

What style of wine is made in the Saussignac, Rosette and Monbazillac AOC’s?

A

Sweet wines

69
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through Gaillac?

A

The Tarn

70
Q

Where was micro-oxygenation invented?

A

The Madiran AOC in SW France

71
Q

“Methode Gaillacoise” refers to?

A

The term used in Gaillac to indicate a sparkling wine made using the Ancestral method

72
Q

What SW France subregion lies in a rain shadow?

A

The Pyrénées Foothills

73
Q

Which AOC within the Dordogne-Bergerac subregion does not make white wine?

A

Bergerac AOC (red & rosé)

74
Q

Who invented the micro-oxygenation winemaking technique?

A

Patrick Ducournau

75
Q

What grape variety is used to make Gaillac Primeur?

A

Gamey

76
Q

What SW France AOC makes sparkling wine using Ancestral Method?

A

Gaillac AOC

77
Q

The term Moelleux refers to?

A

Semi-sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes with or without Botrytis

78
Q

What SW France AOC is most associated with Len de l’El grapes?

A

Gaillac AOC

79
Q

The Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC overlaps which appellation?

A

The Madiran AOC

80
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Jurançon AOC?

A

White wines based on Gros & Petit Manseng

81
Q

Côt is a synonym for what other grape variety?

A

Malbec

82
Q

In SW France, Cabernet Franc is also known as?

A

Bouchy

83
Q

What is the river that runs through Cahors?

A

The Lot

84
Q

What is the river the runs through Bergerac?

A

The Dordogne

85
Q

What are the climates of the SW France subregions?

A

Dordogne-Bergerac is maritime: similar to Bordeaux but slightly warmer and slightly less rain

Lot & Tarn areas are Mediterranean: with maritime influences, less rain, more sun & warmth
Pyrénées maritime: with alpine influences, rain shadow effect and drastic diurnal temperature swings

86
Q

What are the major AOC’s of Dordogne-Bergerac subregion?

A

Saussignac, Rosette, Monbazillac AOC’s
Bergerac AOC
Côtes de Bergerac AOC
Bergerac AOC

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