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Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

What is Asch’s Research ?

A

. 123 men judged line lengths
. Confederates gave wrong answer
. Naiive participants conformed
36.8% and 25% never conformed

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2
Q

What were the variations to Asch’s research ?

A

Group Size - varied from 2 to 16

Unanimity - placed a confederate in the group and conformity reduced

Difficulty - line length more similar conformity increased

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3
Q

What is the evaluation of Asch’s research ?

A

Artificial Situation - knew it was a study
Limited Application - only American men
Research Support - Lucas et al found more conformity when maths problems were harder

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4
Q

What is compliance ?

A

Go along with group publically, no change personally

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5
Q

What is identification ?

A

Change behaviour to be part of a group we identify with - short term, change in personal beliefs

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6
Q

What is internalisation ?

A

Private and public acceptance of group norms

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7
Q

What are the explanations of conformity ?

A

Informational Social Influence (ISI)
- conform to be right, group knows better then us

Normative Social Influence (NSI)
- conform to be liked/accepted

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8
Q

What is the evaluation for types and explanations ?

A

. Research Support for NSI - when no normative group pressure, conformity down to 12.5% (Asch)
. Research Support for ISI - participants relied on other peoples answers to hard maths questions (Lucas et al)
. Individual Differences in NSI - nAffilators want to be liked - conform more (McGhee and Teevan)

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9
Q

What was the aim of Zimbardos research ?

A

To see how people conform to social roles

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10
Q

What was Zimbardos research ?

A

Stanford Prison Experiment
. Mock prison, 21 volunteers, randomly allocated prisoner or guard
. Guards became increasingly brutal, prisoners rebelled and became depressed - study stopped after 6 days
. Participants strongly conformed to their roles

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11
Q

What is the evaluation for Zimbardo’s prison experiment ?

A

. Control - random assignment increased internal validity
. Lack of Realsim - not real environment, play acted their roles
. Counterpoint - 90% thought it was real
. Exaggerates power of roles - only 13 of guards were brutal so conclusions exaggerated

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12
Q

What is minority influence ?

A

Minority influence leads to conversion and internalisation

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13
Q

What was Muscovicis blue/green slide experiment ?

A

. 172 females (deceived)
. 2 out of 6 were confederates
. Had to say if slide was blue or green

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14
Q

What is the evaluation for minority influence

A

. Research support for consistency
. Artificial tasks - tasks often trivial and tell us little about real-world influence
. Power of minority influence - more people agree with minority in private

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15
Q

Why is consistency important in minority influence ?

A

If the minority is consistent this attracts the attention of the majority over time

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16
Q

Why is commitment important in minority influence ?

A

Personal sacrifices show commitment, attract attention and reinforce message

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17
Q

Why is flexibility important in minority influence ?

A

Minority more convincing if they accept some counterarguments

18
Q

What is the snowball effect ?

A

Minority becomes the majority

19
Q

What is resistance to social influence ?

A

Explaining when people disobey and resist pressure to conform

20
Q

What is the locus of control ?

A

Sense of what directs events in our lives - internal/external (Rotter)

21
Q

What is the locus of control continuum ?

A

High internal at one end and high external at the other

22
Q

In terms of LOC what is resistance to social influence ?

A

Explaining when people resist social conformity

23
Q

How can social support help to resist conformity ?

A

Conformity reduced by presence of dissenters from the group - even wrong answers breaks unanimity of majority (Asch)

24
Q

How can social support help to resist obedience ?

A

Obedience decreases in presence of disobedient peer who acts as a model to follow. Obedience dropped from 65% to 10% Milgram

25
Q

What is the evaluation of the LOC ?

A

. Research Support - internals less likely to obey in Milgrams procedure
. Limited Role - role of LOC only applies to some situations (Rotter)

26
Q

What is the evaluation of social support ?

A

. Real world social support - having a ‘buddy’ helps resist peer pressure to smoke
. Research support for dissenting peers - obedience to an order from an oil company fell when participants in a group

27
Q

What was the procedure of Milgrams research ?

A

American men gave fake electric shocks to ‘learners’ in response to instructions from experimenter

28
Q

What were the findings of Milgrams research ?

A

65% gave highest shock of 450V. 100% gave shocks up to 300V, many showed signs of anxiety

29
Q

What is the evaluation of Milgrams study ?

A

. Research Support - French TV game show found 80% gave max shock
. Low internal validity - Participants realised shocks were fake
. Ethical Issues - no consent

30
Q

What situational variables were involved in Milgrams study ?

A

Proximity - psychological distance affects obedience
Location - Uni’s prestige gave authority
Uniform - symbol of legitimate authority

31
Q

What is the evaluation for situational variables ?

A

. Research Support - Bickman showed power of uniform in his field experiment
. Not Representative - USA

32
Q

What is the legitimacy of authority ?

A

Created by hierarchial nature of society, some people entitled to expect obedience, learned in childhood

33
Q

What is destructive authority ?

A

Problems arise when obedience is used destructively (E.g: Hitler)

34
Q

What is the evaluation of legitimacy of authority ?

A

. Explains cultural differences - Germans more obedient than Australians
. Cannot explain all (dis)obedience - Rank and Jacobsons nurses in hierarchial structure but didn’t obey

35
Q

What is the authoritan personality ?

A

Adorno et al determined that high obedience levels were indicators of a psych disorder

36
Q

What is the F Scale ?

A

Used the F Scale to study unconscious attitudes - those who scored high identified with strong people and saw weak as worthless

37
Q

What is the evaluation of the authoritan personality ?

A

. Research Support - Obedient participants had high F scales
. LImited Explanation - Can’t explain a whole culture

38
Q

What is the Agentic State ?

A

Mindset which allows us to carry out orders even if we believe them to be wrong

39
Q

What is the Autonomous state ?

A

Free to act according to conscience

40
Q

What is the evaluation for the agentic state ?

A

. Research Support - Milgrams resistant participants
. Limited Explanation - Rank and Jacobson nurses

Psychology (4 decks)

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