social influence

Question 1

list the 3 types of social influence

Answer 1

conformity
obedience
minority influence

Question 2

define conformity

Answer 2

where people yield to group pressure
eg. adopting the behaviour/ beliefs of the majority
a.k.a MAJORITY INFLUENCE

Question 3

list the 3 types of conformity

Answer 3

compliance, identification, internalisation

Question 4

compliance

Answer 4

conforming publicly but having ur own view
shallow level

Question 5

identification

Answer 5

conforming publicly and privately, conformity generally temporary

Question 6

internalisation

Answer 6

the individual genuinely adjusts their public and private beliefs as they believe the group is right
deep level

Question 7

how can conformity be a GOOD thing?

Answer 7

helps society to function smoothly + predictably
individuals need to agree in order to form and operate
e.g standing in a queue, behaviour in a restaurant

Question 8

how can conformity be a BAD thing?

Answer 8

conformity reduces a persons independence
leads to harmful outcomes
e.g a jury conforming to the majority vote, resulting in a wrong conviction

Question 9

what are the EXPLANATIONS for conformity?

Answer 9

normative social influence
informational social influence

Question 10

who came up with the explanations?

Answer 10

Deutsch and Gerard - 1955

Question 11

define normative social influence

Answer 11

when someone conforms in order to fit in and gain approval or avoid rejection from the group.
motivated by our desire to be accepted
leads to COMPLIANCE
EMOTIONAL process

Question 12

define informational social influence

Answer 12

when someone conforms as they are uncertain about what to do in a particular situation, so look to others for guidance
leads to INTERNALISATION
COGNITIVE process

Question 13

explain ASCH study

Answer 13

• 1955
• 123 male ps
• USA
• asked to take part in a visual perception test - DECEPTION (need to debrief)
• each naive p placed in a room w 7-9 confederates (actors part of research team)
• each p had to say out loud which of the 3 lines matched the original standard length line (always made to say last or second to last)

Question 14

give ASCHs results

Answer 14

• there were 18 trials in which 12 were CRITICAL (identical wrong answers)
• ps conformed with the incorrect majority in ONE THIRD of the CRITICAL TRIALS
• a control group (no confederates) had an error rate of <1%
• 75% of ps conformed AT LEAST ONCE
• 5% of ps conformed on EVERY CRITICAL TRIAL

Question 15

good controls of aschs study

Answer 15

• control for demand characteristics “visual perception task” deception
• replicable procedure

Question 17

conformity to social roles
define SOCIAL ROLES

Answer 17

the parts people play as members of a social group, which meet the expectations of that situation
e.g doctors, police

Question 18

which form of conformity does it involve

Answer 18

IDENTIFICATION

Question 19

who set up the Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 19

ZIMBARDO

Question 20

why?

Answer 20

reports of brutality in prisons in 1960s
zimbardo wanted to investigate whether this was do to the gaurds personalities or the environment they were in.

Question 21

explain the experiment

Answer 21

• mock prison built
• 24 male students took psychological tests to make sure they were emotionally stable
• randomly allocated role of guard or prisoner

Question 22

explain the results