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GIT > small animal ectoparasites > Flashcards

small animal ectoparasites Flashcards

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1
Q

what is included in class insecta?

A

flies, lice and fleas

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2
Q

what is included in class Acarina

A

ticks and mites

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3
Q

what are the three parts of lice’s body?

A

head, thorax, abdomen

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4
Q

what do lice not have?

A

wings

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5
Q

what is the mallophaga order of lice?

A

chewing/biting louse, head wider than thorax

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6
Q

what is the anoplura order of lice?

A

sucking louse, narrow head

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7
Q

what are the eggs of lice called?

A

nits

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8
Q

what is the life cycle of lice?

A

direct, spent on host, host specific

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9
Q

how is lice transmitted?

A

direct contact or fomites

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10
Q

how long can lice live off the host?

A

days to weeks

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11
Q

what is the PPP of lice?

A

3 - 4 weeks

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12
Q

what are infestations of lice called?

A

pediculosis

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13
Q

what are the clinical signs of lice?

A

pruritus, hair loss, anemia, secondary bacterial infection, poor weight gain and growth, transmit disease

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14
Q

how do we diagnose lice?

A

nits on hair, lice on skin, use cellophane tape

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15
Q

what do nit eggs look like?

A

white and operculate

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16
Q

what area on the body do lice like?

A

warm areas

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17
Q

how do we treat and prevent lice?

A

ivermectin/selamectin, isolate, wash bedding for fomites, allow a 4 week vacancy period

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18
Q

what is the genus for fleas?

A

Ctenocephalides canis and felis

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19
Q

fleas are the IH for what type of parasite?

A

dipylidium caninum

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20
Q

where do non adult stages of fleas live?

A

environment

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21
Q

what is the morphology of a flea?

A

flattened laterally, no wings, move rapidly through hair coat, adults have suckling mouthparts

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22
Q

what is the life cycle of a flea?

A

complete metamorphosis

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23
Q

what is the PPP for fleas?

A

13 days - 1 year depending on environment conditions

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24
Q

how is the adult flea attracted to the host?

A

warmth, movement, and exhaled CO2

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25
Q

how long can adults live without a first blood meal?

A

8 weeks

26
Q

how long can fleas live on and off host?

A

3 months +

27
Q

as both sexes of fleas suck blood, what do females require?

A

blood meal to produce eggs

28
Q

where are flea eggs laid?

A

on host

29
Q

when do flea larvae hatch from eggs?

A

1-10 days under ideal conditions

30
Q

what do flea larvae feed on?

A

organic debris

31
Q

where do flea larvae live?

A

environnent and away from light

32
Q

when do flea larvae pupate or spin a cocoon?

A

5-11 days

33
Q

what does the flea larvae look like?

A

fuzzy and caterpillar like with chewing mouth parts

34
Q

what do flea pupae look like?

A

cocoon is small, white, sticky

35
Q

when does flea larvae develop into an adult?

A

5 days

36
Q

when do adult fleas emerge from the cocoon?

A

when environmental conditions are right, can live inside for 140 days

37
Q

what are the clinical signs of fleas?

A

pruritus, FAD (flea allergy dermatitis)

38
Q

how do we diagnose fleas?

A

see jumping/in hair, flea comb, saline to flea faces onto white paper and observe for blood, flea may fall out, decals

39
Q

how do we prevent fleas?

A

treat monthly, clean house, spray areas, vacuum

40
Q

when are ticks most active?

A

spring, summer, and fall, temps above 4degrees C

41
Q

what are the ticks that are important vectors of disease?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, tick paralysis

42
Q

what do we classify Ixodidae as?

A

the hard ticks

43
Q

what is another name for dermacentor andersoni?

A

Rocky Mountain wood tick

44
Q

what is another name for dermacentor variabilis?

A

american dog tick

45
Q

what is another name for ixodes scapularis?

A

deer tick

46
Q

what is another name for ixodes pacificus?

A

western black legged tick

47
Q

what is another name for rhipicephalus sanguineus?

A

brown dog tick

48
Q

what does ixodes scapularis (deer tick) cause?

A

Lyme disease

49
Q

what shape are ticks?

A

ovoid

50
Q

what is a scutum?

A

a hard dorsal shield on ticks

51
Q

how big are ticks and how big can they swell up to?

A

4-5 mm diameter, swell up to 12mm

52
Q

how do ticks find their host?

A

questing waving their legs in the air to detect changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, light, moisture and vibrations

53
Q

what are the four stages of a ticks life cycle?

A

egg, larvae, nymph, and adult

54
Q

what stages of a ticks life cycle require a blood meal?

A

all except egg

55
Q

what do tick larvae look like?

A

look like adults, but only have 3 pairs of legs

56
Q

what is the life cycle of a tick?

A

indirect or direct

57
Q

what are the clinical signs of ticks?

A

painful and irritating bite, large infestations can cause stress, anemia, pruritic, reddened area around bite, bulls eye appearance around bite

58
Q

how do we diagnose ticks?

A

visualize tick on skin, may or may not be engorged, red bullseye on skin, red spot on skin

59
Q

how do we treat and prevent ticks?

A

remove with tweezers ensuring to get ticks head, selamectin, nexgard (afoxolaner), flea and tick shampoo

60
Q

what are mites commonly called?

A

mange mites

61
Q

what are the three main groups of mites?

A

sarcoptiform, non sarcoptiform, fur mites

GIT (2 decks)

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