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Procedures II > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

Skull only - no facial bones

1
Q

Total # of cranial bones

A

8

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2
Q

total # of facial bones

A

14

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3
Q

4 cranial bones that form calvarium

A

frontal, both parietal, and occipital

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4
Q

4 cranial bones that form the floor of the skull

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, and both temporals

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5
Q

small horizontal plate of ethmoid

A

cribriform plate

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6
Q

vertical plate of ethmoid forming upper portion of bony nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

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7
Q

structure of sphenoid that surrounds pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica

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8
Q

posterior aspect if Sella turcica

A

dorsum sellae

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9
Q

structure of sphenoid allowing passage of optic nerve and actual opening into the orbit

A

optic foramen

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10
Q

structure of sphenoid helping form lateral walls of nasal cavities

A

medial and lateral pterygoid processes

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11
Q

projection best demonstrating Sella turcica and dorsum sellae

A

lateral

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12
Q

aspect of frontal bone forming superior aspect of orbit

A

orbital/horizontal portion

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13
Q

corresponding asterion of anterior fontanel

A

bregma

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14
Q

corresponding asterion of posterior fontanel

A

lambda

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15
Q

corresponding asterion to sphenoid fontanel

A

pterion

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16
Q

corresponding asterion to mastodon fontanel

A

asterion

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17
Q

joint type of cranial sutures

A

fibrous and synarthrodial

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18
Q

small irregular developmental bones found along lambdoidal suture

A

sutural/wormian

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19
Q

superior rim of the orbit

A

supraorbital margin - SOM

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20
Q

notch separating orbital plates

A

ethmoidal notch

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21
Q

cranial bones forming upper lateral calvarium walls

A

both parietals

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22
Q

cranial bone containing foramen magnum

A

occipital

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23
Q

small prominence on squamous portion of occipital bone

A

inion

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24
Q

Oval processes found on occipital bone, helping form atlantooccipital joint

A

occipital condylea

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25
Q

3 aspects of temporal bone

A

squamous
mastoid
petrous

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26
Q

densest aspect of temporal bone

A

petrous

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27
Q

external landmark corresponding with petrous ridge

A

TEA

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28
Q

opening in temporal bone that is a passageway for nerves of hearing and equilibrium

A

internal acoustic meatus

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29
Q

structure making up cartilaginous outer ear

A

auricle/pinna

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30
Q

average length of EAM

A

2.5 cm

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31
Q

membrane marking beginning of middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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32
Q

collective term for small bones of middle ear

A

auditory ossicles

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33
Q

structure allowing communication between nasopharynx and middle ear

A

Eustachian/auditory tube

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34
Q

major function of eustachian tube

A

equalize atmospheric pressure in middle ear

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35
Q

opening between mastoid portion and middle ear

A

Aditus

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36
Q

thin plate of bone separating mastoid air cells from the brain

A

tegmen tympani

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37
Q

smallest ossicle

A

stapes

38
Q

ossicle resembling a premolar tooth

A

incus

39
Q

2 sensory functions of inner ear

A

hearing

equilibrium

40
Q

small membrane that moves outward to transmit impulses to auditory nerve

A

cochlear window

41
Q

define mastoiditis

A

bacterial infection of the mastoid process

42
Q

define POLYP

A

Growth arising from a mucous membrane

43
Q

define OTOSCLEROSIS

A

hereditary disease causing excessive bone formation in the middle and inner ear

44
Q

define CHOLESTEATOMA

A

benign cyst-like tumor in middle ear

45
Q

define ACOUSTIC NEUROMA

A

benign tumor of auditory nerve sheath

46
Q

radiographic appearance of acoustic neuroma

A

expansion of internal acoustic canal

47
Q

dolicocephalic skull

A

width less than 75% of length

48
Q

brachycephalic skull

A

width 80% or more of length

49
Q

mesocephalic skull

A

width between 75-80% of length

50
Q

angle between MSP and long axis of petrous bone on MESOCEPHALIC skull

A

47°

51
Q

angle between MSP and petrous ridge on DOLICOCEPHALIC skull

A

+/- 40°

52
Q

define OUTER CANTHUS

A

Lateral junction of the eyelid

53
Q

define GONION

A

posterior angle of the jaw

54
Q

define IOML

A

line between infraorbital margin and EAM

55
Q

highest nuchal line if occipital bone

A

Inion

56
Q

define GLABELLOALVEOLAR LINE

A

Line between glabella and alveolar process

57
Q

define MENTOMEATAL LINE

A

line between mental point and EAM

58
Q

define NASION

A

Junction between frontal and 2 nasal bones

59
Q

highest level of facial bone mass

A

supraorbital groove

60
Q

define OML

A

line between midlateral orbital margin and EAM

61
Q

center point of EAM

A

auricular point

62
Q

positioning line used for Waters

A

lips-meatal line

63
Q

5 most common skull errors

A

tilt
rotation
excessive flexion/extension
incorrect CR angle

64
Q

define LEFORT FX

A

bilateral horizontal fx of maxillae

65
Q

cranial bone best demonstrated with AP Towne projection

A

occipital

66
Q

best TRAUMA projection to show petrous ridges on lower 1/3 of orbits

A

AP skull, 15° cephalad

67
Q

maximum angle for CR

A

45°

68
Q

correct IR size for 6yr old skull pt

A

10x12 but base on size

69
Q

indication for pediatric skull radiography

A

craniostenosis

70
Q

fx that may produce air-fluid on sphenoid sinuses

A

basal skull fx

71
Q

appears as destructive lesion with irregular margins

A

osteolytic neoplasm

72
Q

ping pong fx

A

depressed skull fx

73
Q

proliferative bony lesion of increased density

A

osteoblastic neoplasm

74
Q

tumor that may produce erosion of the pituitary gland

A

pituitary adenoma

75
Q

osteitis deformans

A

Pagets disease

76
Q

bone tumor originating in bone tumor

A

multiple myeloma

77
Q

clinical indication that may require an increase in technique

A

pagets disease

78
Q

fx of skull that appears as jagged or irregular lucent lines

A

linear fx

79
Q 
indications for:
AP TOWNE
LATERAL SKULL
PA CALDWELL
PA SKULL
A

Skull fx, neoplastic processes, and Pagets disease

80
Q

indications for SMV

A

basal skull fx

bony pathology of inner temporal bone structures

81
Q

indications for TRAUMA XTABLE SKULL

A

sphenoidal effusion

82
Q

indications for:
PEDIATRIC TOWNE
PEDIATRIC CALDWELL
PEDIATRIC LATERAL SKULL

A 
fx
congenital anomalies
sutures/fontanels 
head shape
shunt check
bony tumors
83
Q

CR for PA SKULL

A

NO ANGLE

OML perpendicular to IR

exit at glabella @ MSP

84
Q

CR for PA CALDWELL

A

15° caudad angle

exit @ nasion

85
Q

CR for AP TOWNE

A

30° caudad angle to OML
37° caudad to IOML

2.5” above glabella

86
Q

CR for LATERAL SKULL

A

no angle

2” above EAM

87
Q

CR for SMV PROJECTION

A

no angle

1.5” below mandibular symphysis

88
Q

CR for TRAUMA CALDWELL

A

AP 0°: CR parallel to OML - center to glabella

AP 15° cephalad: center to nasion

89
Q

CR for TRAUMA TOWNE

A

30° caudad to OML
37° caudad to IOML

2.5” above superciliary margin
Pass midway between EAMS and exit @ foramen magnum

90
Q

CR for TRAUMA XTABLE LATERAL SKULL

A

Horizontal beam

2” above EAM

91
Q

Digital kV range for skull work

A

75-90

Procedures II (2 decks)

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