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Micro Exam 3 > Skin & Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Skin & Oral Mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous membranes covers

A

the external surface of the body

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2
Q

cutaneous membrane is composed of what two parts?

A

epidermis & dermis

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3
Q

epidermis is what material

A

epithelium

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4
Q

dermis is what material

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

what key items could the dermis possess

A

hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sweat glands

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6
Q

function of the cutaneous membrane

A

protection
temperature
sensation
immunological defense

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7
Q

mucous membrane lines

A

hollow organs opening to the exterior

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8
Q

examples of what mucous membrane lines

A

GI tract
respiratory tract
oral cavity

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9
Q

mucous membrane is composed of what two things

A

epithelium
lamina propria

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10
Q

lamina propria is composed of what

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

what are the two sectors of shared lineage between cutaneous and mucous membranes?

A

ectoderm
mesoderm

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12
Q

composition similarities of mucous and cutaneous membranes

A

stratified squamous epithelium
loose CT
dense irregular CT

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13
Q

covers the external surface of the body

contains hair follicles, sebaceous, and sweat glands

A

skin

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14
Q

mucocutaneous (vermillion border)

mucogingival

A

junctions

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15
Q

Cheeks, lips, soft palate, uvula, alveolar mucosa, sublingual region

Gingiva, hard palate

Dorsal surface of tongue

A

oral mucosa

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16
Q

Sweating & dilation/constriction of blood vessels

A

thermoregulation

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17
Q

Physical barrier against damage & pathogens, minimizes water loss

A

protection

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18
Q

Absorption of UV rays & lipid soluble substances, visual indicator of health

A

metabolic

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19
Q

Conveys touch, pressure, temperature, & pain

A

sensation

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20
Q

Exocrine secretion of sweat containing waste & oil to nourish skin

A

excretion

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21
Q

secretes hormones, cytokines and growth factors

A

endocrine

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22
Q

list the SIX functions of the integumentary system

A

thermoregulatory
protection
metabolic
sensation
excretion
endocrine

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23
Q

two types of skin

A

thick skin
thin skin

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24
Q

where to find thick skin

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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25
Q

where to find thin skin

A

majority of the body

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26
Q

main layers of skin

A

epidermis (5 layers)
dermis (2 layers)

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27
Q

closely associated with, but not part of the skin (subcutaneous fat)

A

hypodermis

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28
Q

epidermis is made up of what type of epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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29
Q

epidermis is populated and regenerated by

A

keratinocytes

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30
Q

5 layers of epidermis (superficial to deep)

A

stratum CORNEUM
stratum LUCIDUM
stratum GRANULOSUM
stratum SPINOSUM
stratum BASALE

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31
Q

what layer of the epidermis is only found in THICK skin

A

stratum lucidum

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32
Q

cell turnover from basal to superficial layers

A

every 15-30 days

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33
Q

invaginations of the epidermis produce:

A

sweat glands and hair follicles

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34
Q

what are epidermal pegs

A

ridges

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35
Q

cells receive nutrients from dermis via

A

vasculature

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36
Q

epidermis contains what sensory receptors

A

free nerve endings

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37
Q

in the CORNEUM, keratinocytes when pushed to the surface undergo ??? where they become flattened dead cells

A

cornification

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38
Q

flattened dead cells are called

A

squames

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39
Q

in the CORNEUM, what is not present

A

nuclei and organelles

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40
Q

in the CORNEUM, what replaces cytoplasm

A

keratin filaments

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41
Q

how many layers is the CORNEUM

A

15-20 layers

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42
Q

in CORNEUM, what is it called when surface cells are shed and replaced continously to maintain thickness

A

desquamation

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43
Q

CORNEUM is coated with an extracellular layers for:

A

water barrier

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44
Q

LUCIDUM is found only in

A

thick skin

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45
Q

thin, transparent layer of flattened keratinocytes

refractile and stains poorly

(what layer of epidermis?)

A

lucidum

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46
Q

does the stratum lucidum contrain nuclei or organelles

A

no

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47
Q

lucidum is considered a subdivision of what layer

A

corneum

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48
Q

what layer of the epithelium is undergoing keratinization

A

granulosum

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49
Q

(GRANULOSUM) accumulated and adhere keratin filaments together and initiate cornification process

A

keratohyaline granules

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50
Q

are there nuclei or organelles present in the granulosum

A

yes

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51
Q

Typically thickest layer of epidermis, keratinocytes largest

A

spinosum

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52
Q

in SPINOSUM, keratinocytes attached by desmosomes give a what appearance

A

spiny/prickly

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53
Q

in SPINOSUM, cells exhibit what kind of activity

A

mitotic activity

54
Q

spinosum has what type of nuclei

A

round, euchromatic

55
Q

deepest layer, adjacent to dermis

A

stratum basale

56
Q

what cells does stratum basale have

A

single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells

57
Q

stratum basale contains progenitor cells from which new keratinocytes arise by

A

active mitotic division

58
Q

stratum basale rests on

A

basal lamina of the basement membrane

59
Q

what specialized cell type does stratum basale contain

A

melanocytes

60
Q

highly specialized epithelial cells

A

kertinocytes

61
Q

Antigen presenting cells involved in signaling in the immune system

A

langerhans cells

62
Q

Pigment producing cells

A

Melanocytes

63
Q

Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings

A

Merkel cells

64
Q

85% of the cells in the epidermis

Originate in the Stratum Basale

Produce keratins – major structural protein of the epidermis

Participate in the formation of the epidermal water barrier

Exfoliated cells are constantly being replaced by a steady flow of terminally differentiated cells

A

keratinocytes

65
Q

langerhans cells originate in

A

bone marrow

66
Q

what layer are langerhans cells found

A

stratum spinosum

67
Q

langerhans cells provide immunosurveillance of the epidermis, “sensing” the outer environment through

A

dendritic processes

68
Q

Synthesize melanin granules which are transferred to keratinocytes

A

melanocytes

69
Q

Appear clear in an H&E stained section

A

melanocytes

70
Q

The melanocytes of albino individuals do not properly produce melanin pigment

A

albinism

71
Q

Chronic autoimmune causing skin depigmentation, can include oral mucosa, lip and palate – may be the first indicator

A

vitiligo

72
Q

Skin cancer, melanocytes grow abnormally due to sun exposure

A

melanoma

73
Q

Scalloped margin consisting of epidermal pegs and dermal papillae

A

Epidermal-Dermal Junction

74
Q

Situated deep to the epidermis & Overlies hypodermis

A

dermis

75
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary layer
Reticular layer

76
Q

papillary layer has what CT

A

loose CT

77
Q

reticular layers has what CT

A

dense irregular CT

78
Q

is the dermis vascularized

A

yes

79
Q

Houses the dermal papillae
Loops of small blood vessels, capillaries, nerve endings

A

papillary layer

80
Q

Forms the bulk of the dermis
Houses blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves/nerve endings

A

reticular layer

81
Q

hypodermis contains what type of tissue

A

loose CT
adipose tissue

82
Q

Contains individual smooth muscle cells (arrector pili) “goose bumps”

A

hypodermis

83
Q

contains:
collage/elastic fibers
vessels
nerves/nerve endings
encapsulated receptors
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sweat glands

A

dermis

84
Q

contains:
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
arrector pilli
sweat glands
encapsulated sensory receptors
adipose tissue

A

hypodermis

85
Q

Thin skin ONLY with sebaceous glands

Similar development to teeth

A

hair follicles

86
Q

Simple, branched acinar glands

Sebum (lipid-rich/oily secretion)

A

sebaceous glands

87
Q

Simple coiled tubular glands

associated with BOTH thick & thin skin

secretory portion located deep in the dermis or hypodermis

duct continues to the surface of the skin

A

sweat glands

88
Q

Secretes thick, odorous fluid into hair follicles

A

Apocrine

89
Q

Discharges watery fluid onto skin surface

A

Eccrine

90
Q

Respond to touch, pressure, & vibration

A

Tactile Receptors

91
Q

Mechanical, chemical, biological barrier for underlying tissues

A

protection

92
Q

Ability to perceive & differentiate flavors or identity and safety

A

taste

93
Q

Secrete saliva to contribute to swallowing and digestion

A

Secretion

94
Q

Conveys touch, pressure, temperature, & pain

A

sensation

95
Q

High capacity for repair following injury or irritation

A

Regeneration

96
Q

Molecules pass through the mucosal barrier for quick uptake of meds & nutrients

A

Absorption

97
Q

functions of the oral mucosa (6)

A

protection
taste
secretion
sensation
regeneration
absorption

98
Q

extends from the lipids to the junction of mouth & pharynx

A

oral cavity

99
Q

external junction between teeth and gingiva

A

vestibule

100
Q

internal space between dental arches

A

oral cavity proper

101
Q

oral cavity roof

A

hard and soft palate

102
Q

oral cavity posterior border

A

oropharynx

103
Q

oral cavity floor

A

tongue and mylohyoid

104
Q

three types of oral mucosa

A

lining
masticatory
specialized

105
Q

Lines majority of the oral cavity & vestibule; protection & stretch

A

lining

106
Q

Lines gingiva & hard palate; areas that undergo abrasive forces during mastication

A

masticatory

107
Q

Lines dorsal surface of tongue; mechanical functions and taste

A

specialized

108
Q

nonkeratinized type

A

lining mucosa

109
Q

parakeratinized and orthokeratinized type

A

masticatory and specialized

110
Q

define pyknotic nuclei

A

not fully keratinized

111
Q

define squames

A

fully keratinized

112
Q

3 layers of nonkeratinized lining mucosa

A

superficiale
spinosum
basale

113
Q

3 layers of parakeratinized mucosa

A

corneum
spinosum
basale

114
Q

4 layers of orthokeratinized mucosa

A

corneum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

115
Q

Lamina Propria Papillae = Few shallow

A

lining

116
Q

lamina propria papillae = tall

A

masticatory

117
Q

lamina propria papillae = lots of thick

A

specialized

118
Q

Anterior ⅔ of tongue

Most numerous type

Tough, abrasive surface

No taste buds

A

filiform

119
Q

Anterior ⅔ of tongue

Less numerous than filiform

Mushroom shaped

Taste buds on surface

A

fungiform

120
Q

8-10 near sulcus terminalis

Non-keratinized epithelium on lateral walls

Taste buds on lateral wall

Von Ebner glands: clustered around

A

circumvallate

121
Q

sense often associated with sugars & certain amino acids

A

sweet

122
Q

sense typically linked to acids, such as citric acid in lemons

A

sour

123
Q

sense related to the presence of sodium ions, commonly found in table salt

A

salty

124
Q

sense often associated with various compounds, many of which can be toxic, serving as a natural warning

A

bitter

125
Q

sense savory taste linked to amino acids like glutamate, commonly found in foods like meats, cheeses, and mushrooms

A

umami

126
Q

Does the oral cavity encounter abrasive forces?

A

Yes, variation in keratinocytes depending on region

127
Q

Do we have immune function in the oral cavity?

A

Yes, langerhans in stratum spinosum layer are just like skin!

128
Q

Do we have pigment in the oral cavity?

A

Yes, melanocytes in stratum basale are just like skin!

129
Q

Do we have hair in the oral cavity?

A

No, however tooth development follows a similar pattern

130
Q

Do we have glands in the oral cavity?

A

Yes, specifically salivary glands (no sweat, few sebaceous)

131
Q

Do we have sensation in our oral cavity?

A

Yes, same tactical receptors as skin

Micro Exam 3 (2 decks)

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