Skin Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 structural layers of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 2

The skin is also know as…

Answer 2

The cutaneous membrane.

Question 3

The hypodermis is also know as…

Answer 3

The subcutaneous layer.

Question 4

Which is the outermost layer of the skin?

Answer 4

The epidermis.

Question 5

Which is the inner most layer of the skin?

Answer 5

Hypodermis.

Question 6

Which layer of the skin provides it with structural integrity, strength and flexibility?

Answer 6

Dermis

Question 7

What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Answer 7

Stratum basale (basal)
Stratum spinosum (spinous)
Stratum granulosum (granular)
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum corneum (cornified)

Question 8

What are the 4 different cell types found within the epidermal layer?

Answer 8

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Markell cells

Question 9

What kind of cell makes up 90% of the epidermis?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes

Question 10

Where are melanocytes located?

Answer 10

Primarily in the stratum basale, with some extension into the stratum spinosum.

Question 11

Where are langerhans cells located?

Answer 11

In the stratum spinosum.

Question 12

Where are Merkel cells located?

Answer 12

In the stratum basale.

Question 13

The cells of this layer are attached to each other and to the cells of the next superficial layer (stratum spinosum)via structures called desmosomes.

Answer 13

Stratum Basale

Cells in this layer are also bound to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes.

Question 14

Where is the primary location of cell proliferation in the epidermis?

Answer 14

The stratum basale.

Question 15

Which layer of the epidermis consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes?

Answer 15

Stratum spinosum.

Question 16

Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial layer that contains living cells?

Answer 16

The granular layer (stratum granulosum)

Question 17

Programmed cell death is also known as?

Answer 17

Apoptosis

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis is only located in “thick skin?”

Answer 18

Stratum lucidum

Question 19

This layer of the epidermis provides protection to deeper layers of the skin from exposure to toxins, invasion by foreign organisms, water loss, and UV damage.

Answer 19

The stratum corneum or horny layer.

Question 20

The process of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and desquamation is also known as?

Answer 20

Epidermal renewal.

Question 21

———- produce a water repellant sealant that functions to decrease water transfer and stop the entry of foreign materials into the body.

Answer 21

Lamellar granules

Question 22

Which cells in the epidermis produce the pigment melanin?

Answer 22

Melanocytes

Question 23

Which cells in the epidermis play a role in the immune response against microbes that attack the skin?

Answer 23

Langerhans cells.

Question 24

Which cells of the epidermis contact sensory nerve cells to detect touch sensation?

Answer 24

Merkel cells

Question 25

These 2 layers make up the dermis.

Answer 25

Papillary dermis | Reticular dermis

Question 26

What kind of connective tissue fibers are found in the dermis?

Answer 26

Collagen and elastic.

Question 27

What types of cells are present in the dermis?

Answer 27

Fibroblasts Mast cells Mononuclear phagocytes

Question 28

Which cells are responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins, they also play a role in wound healing and scarring?

Answer 28

Fibroblasts.

Question 29

----------cells are involved in the immune response, including inflammatory response and immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.

Answer 29

Mast

Question 30

Monocytes, macrophages, and dermal dendrocytes make up the ------------------------system of the skin.

Answer 30

Mononuclear phagocytic.

Question 31

Which layer of the skin serves as a layer of protection and insulation as well as an energy preserve?

Answer 31

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.

Question 32

The hypodermis mainly consists of ------------(fat cells) which are organized into lobules and fibrous connective tissue.

Answer 32

Adipocytes

Question 33

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

Answer 33

Sweat glands Oil glands Hair follicles Nails

Question 34

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 34

Eccrine and apocrine.

Question 35

The oily secretion of the sebaceous glands is called?

Answer 35

Sebum

Question 36

Mutations in the ------------- gene have been identified as a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis.

Answer 36

Filaggrin

Question 37

The space between the cornified cells is filled with ---------------.

Answer 37

Intercellular lipids.

Question 38

The -------- cells, together with--------, --------- and other structural proteins provide the mechanical and chemical protection function of the permeability layer.

Answer 38

Cornified cells, keratin, filaggrin.

Question 39

Which layer of the epidermis provides a barrier formed by cells surrounded by a extra cellular lipid matrix?

Answer 39

Cornified layer