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Eucrisa > Skin Anatomy > Flashcards

Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 structural layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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2
Q

The skin is also know as…

A

The cutaneous membrane.

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3
Q

The hypodermis is also know as…

A

The subcutaneous layer.

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4
Q

Which is the outermost layer of the skin?

A

The epidermis.

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5
Q

Which is the inner most layer of the skin?

A

Hypodermis.

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6
Q

Which layer of the skin provides it with structural integrity, strength and flexibility?

A

Dermis

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7
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

A 
Stratum basale (basal)
Stratum spinosum (spinous)
Stratum granulosum (granular)
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum corneum (cornified)
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8
Q

What are the 4 different cell types found within the epidermal layer?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Markell cells

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9
Q

What kind of cell makes up 90% of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

Primarily in the stratum basale, with some extension into the stratum spinosum.

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11
Q

Where are langerhans cells located?

A

In the stratum spinosum.

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12
Q

Where are Merkel cells located?

A

In the stratum basale.

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13
Q

The cells of this layer are attached to each other and to the cells of the next superficial layer (stratum spinosum)via structures called desmosomes.

A

Stratum Basale

Cells in this layer are also bound to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes.

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14
Q

Where is the primary location of cell proliferation in the epidermis?

A

The stratum basale.

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15
Q

Which layer of the epidermis consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes?

A

Stratum spinosum.

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16
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial layer that contains living cells?

A

The granular layer (stratum granulosum)

17
Q

Programmed cell death is also known as?

A

Apoptosis

18
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is only located in “thick skin?”

A

Stratum lucidum

19
Q

This layer of the epidermis provides protection to deeper layers of the skin from exposure to toxins, invasion by foreign organisms, water loss, and UV damage.

A

The stratum corneum or horny layer.

20
Q

The process of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and desquamation is also known as?

A

Epidermal renewal.

21
Q

———- produce a water repellant sealant that functions to decrease water transfer and stop the entry of foreign materials into the body.

A

Lamellar granules

22
Q

Which cells in the epidermis produce the pigment melanin?

A

Melanocytes

23
Q

Which cells in the epidermis play a role in the immune response against microbes that attack the skin?

A

Langerhans cells.

24
Q

Which cells of the epidermis contact sensory nerve cells to detect touch sensation?

A

Merkel cells

25
Q

These 2 layers make up the dermis.

A

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

26
Q

What kind of connective tissue fibers are found in the dermis?

A

Collagen and elastic.

27
Q

What types of cells are present in the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Mononuclear phagocytes

28
Q

Which cells are responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins, they also play a role in wound healing and scarring?

A

Fibroblasts.

29
Q

———-cells are involved in the immune response, including inflammatory response and immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.

A

Mast

30
Q

Monocytes, macrophages, and dermal dendrocytes make up the ————————system of the skin.

A

Mononuclear phagocytic.

31
Q

Which layer of the skin serves as a layer of protection and insulation as well as an energy preserve?

A

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.

32
Q

The hypodermis mainly consists of ————(fat cells) which are organized into lobules and fibrous connective tissue.

A

Adipocytes

33
Q

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

A

Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hair follicles
Nails

34
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and apocrine.

35
Q

The oily secretion of the sebaceous glands is called?

A

Sebum

36
Q

Mutations in the ————- gene have been identified as a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis.

A

Filaggrin

37
Q

The space between the cornified cells is filled with —————.

A

Intercellular lipids.

38
Q

The ——– cells, together with——–, ——— and other structural proteins provide the mechanical and chemical protection function of the permeability layer.

A

Cornified cells, keratin, filaggrin.

39
Q

Which layer of the epidermis provides a barrier formed by cells surrounded by a extra cellular lipid matrix?

A

Cornified layer

Eucrisa (4 decks)

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