Skin Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 structural layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
The skin is also know as…
The cutaneous membrane.
The hypodermis is also know as…
The subcutaneous layer.
Which is the outermost layer of the skin?
The epidermis.
Which is the inner most layer of the skin?
Hypodermis.
Which layer of the skin provides it with structural integrity, strength and flexibility?
Dermis
What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
Stratum basale (basal) Stratum spinosum (spinous) Stratum granulosum (granular) Stratum Lucidum Stratum corneum (cornified)
What are the 4 different cell types found within the epidermal layer?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Markell cells
What kind of cell makes up 90% of the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Where are melanocytes located?
Primarily in the stratum basale, with some extension into the stratum spinosum.
Where are langerhans cells located?
In the stratum spinosum.
Where are Merkel cells located?
In the stratum basale.
The cells of this layer are attached to each other and to the cells of the next superficial layer (stratum spinosum)via structures called desmosomes.
Stratum Basale
Cells in this layer are also bound to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes.
Where is the primary location of cell proliferation in the epidermis?
The stratum basale.
Which layer of the epidermis consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes?
Stratum spinosum.
Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial layer that contains living cells?
The granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Programmed cell death is also known as?
Apoptosis
Which layer of the epidermis is only located in “thick skin?”
Stratum lucidum
This layer of the epidermis provides protection to deeper layers of the skin from exposure to toxins, invasion by foreign organisms, water loss, and UV damage.
The stratum corneum or horny layer.
The process of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and desquamation is also known as?
Epidermal renewal.
———- produce a water repellant sealant that functions to decrease water transfer and stop the entry of foreign materials into the body.
Lamellar granules
Which cells in the epidermis produce the pigment melanin?
Melanocytes
Which cells in the epidermis play a role in the immune response against microbes that attack the skin?
Langerhans cells.
Which cells of the epidermis contact sensory nerve cells to detect touch sensation?
Merkel cells
These 2 layers make up the dermis.
Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
What kind of connective tissue fibers are found in the dermis?
Collagen and elastic.
What types of cells are present in the dermis?
Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Mononuclear phagocytes
Which cells are responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins, they also play a role in wound healing and scarring?
Fibroblasts.
———-cells are involved in the immune response, including inflammatory response and immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the skin.
Mast
Monocytes, macrophages, and dermal dendrocytes make up the ————————system of the skin.
Mononuclear phagocytic.
Which layer of the skin serves as a layer of protection and insulation as well as an energy preserve?
Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer.
The hypodermis mainly consists of ————(fat cells) which are organized into lobules and fibrous connective tissue.
Adipocytes
What are the accessory structures of the skin?
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hair follicles
Nails
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine and apocrine.
The oily secretion of the sebaceous glands is called?
Sebum
Mutations in the ————- gene have been identified as a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis.
Filaggrin
The space between the cornified cells is filled with —————.
Intercellular lipids.
The ——– cells, together with——–, ——— and other structural proteins provide the mechanical and chemical protection function of the permeability layer.
Cornified cells, keratin, filaggrin.
Which layer of the epidermis provides a barrier formed by cells surrounded by a extra cellular lipid matrix?
Cornified layer
