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[Y1] Anatomy and Physiology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what organ system is the skin apart of?

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

what are the 3 principle layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
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3
Q

what is the primary function of the skin?

A

protection of the internal organs from environmental hazards such as micro-organisms as well as water and heat loss.

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4
Q

what are 5 other functions of the skin?

A
  • Cutaneous sensation
  • Blood reservoir
  • Metabolic synthesis (vitamin D)
  • Excretion of nitrogen containing waste products.
  • Role in immune response
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5
Q

state 4 things about the epidermis

A
  • Uppermost skin layer
  • Is avascular and allows accessory skin structures exit to the environment
  • Composed of 4 main cell types
  • Consists of 4-5 layers (or strata)
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6
Q

what cells make up 95% of the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q

what provides pigment to the skin?

A

melanocytes

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8
Q

what layer are melanocytes found in?

A

basal layer

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9
Q

what are the 2 forms of melanin produced by the melanocytes called?

A

Eumelanin and Pheomelanin

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10
Q

what determins a humans skin colour?

A

genes

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11
Q

what are merkel cells?

A
  • In basal layer and connect to nerve terminal.
  • Believed to function as touch receptors and act as a support cell
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12
Q

what are Langerhans cells?

A
  • A dendritic antigen presenting cell.
  • Move to lymph nodes to present antigens.
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13
Q

give the 5 layers of the epidermis

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Corneum
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14
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  • papillary dermis
  • reticular dermis
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15
Q

what is the papillary dermis?

A

Thin layer adjacent to epidermis, dermal papillae here create ridges

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16
Q

what is the reticular dermis?

A

Thickest layer provides strength, elasticity and extendibility to the skin.

17
Q

state 3 things about the dermis?

A
  • Composed of tough connective tissue mostly collagen.
  • Rich in blood and lymphatic supplies.
  • Hair follicles and sweat glands originate from the dermis.
18
Q

name 3 types of cells in the dermis

A
  • Fibroblasts: The cells that synthesise and deposit collagen
  • Dermal dendrocytes: Present antigens and contribute to wound healing
  • Other immune cells: macrophages, T-cells and mast cells
19
Q

what are the 3 main types of receptors in the dermis? what do they detect?

A
  • Pacinian corpuscles: Pressure/vibration sensitive receptors
  • Meissner corpuscles: Fast adapting touch/vibration receptors
  • Ruffini corpuscles: Slow adapting to sustained pressure
20
Q

give 2 other types of neurons in the skin

A
  • thermo-receptors
  • pain (nociceptors)
21
Q

what is the role of the hypodermis?

A

Contains fat cells and connective tissue that supports the dermis and epidermis.

22
Q

what are 3 common cell types in the hypodermis?

A
  • Adipose cells that contain large fat droplets
  • Macrophages
  • Fibroblasts
23
Q

what are the 3 componants of hair?

A

hair follicle, sebaceous gland and hair muscle

24
Q

what are the 3 growth stages of hair?

A
  • Anagen: the growth phase
  • Catagen: the atrophy phase
  • Telogen: the resting phase
25
Q

how do we get different hair colours?

A

melanocytes transfer melanosomes

26
Q

what is the function of nails?

A

protect the fingers and toes while also adding dexterity

27
Q

what are the 3 types of sweat glands?

A
  • eccrine
  • apocrine
  • sebaceous
28
Q

what is an eccrine sweat gland?

A

Simple tubular structures that originate in dermis and open into skin. Sit between hair follicles.

29
Q

what is a apocrine sweat gland?

A

Open into hair follicle, density varies with species, in humans they are restricted to armpits and groin.

30
Q

what is a sebaceous sweat gland?

A

Everywhere but palms and soles. These glands secrete sebum and oily substance.

31
Q

what are the 2 types of skin stem cells?

A
  • Epidermal stem cells: Involved in everyday regeneration of the epidermal layers.
  • Melanocyte stem cell: The melanocytes in the hair follicle die during the catagen hair growth phase. A stem cell population therefore must exist.
32
Q
A

[Y1] Anatomy and Physiology (23 decks)

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