Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of bone

Answer 1

Support
Protect
Movement
mineral homeostasis (Storage and release)
Blood cell production
triglyceride storage

Question 2

what are the 5 types of bones

Answer 2

long bone
flat bone
irregular bone
sesamoid bone
short bone

Question 3

describe the structure and function of the long bone + one example

Answer 3

longer than they are wide. support weight and facilitate movement. femur

Question 4

describe the structure and function of the flat bone + one example

Answer 4

flattened bone. protection and large area of attachment for muscles. sternum.

Question 5

describe the structure and function of the irregular bone + one example

Answer 5

complex shapes. often serve as protection for internal organs. vertebra

Question 6

describe the structure and function of the sesamoid bone + one example

Answer 6

bones embedded in tendons. protection from stress and wear. patella

Question 7

describe the structure and function of the short bone + one example

Answer 7

about as long as they are wide. provide stability and some movement. trapezoid

Question 8

describe what or where the diaphysis is

Answer 8

bones body - long and cylindrical

Question 9

describe what or where the epiphysis is

Answer 9

the distal and proximal ends of the bone. to the point of attachment

Question 10

describe what or where the epiphyseal line is

Answer 10

bone that replaces cartilage

Question 11

describe what or where the articular cartilage is

Answer 11

covers the epiphysis and is where two bones meet to reduce friction

Question 12

describe what or where the periosteum is

Answer 12

outer connective tissue to protect, nourish and attachment site

Question 13

describe what or where the endeosteum is

Answer 13

single layer of bone forming cells and connective tissue - lines medullary cavity

Question 14

describe what or where the medullary cavity is

Answer 14

fatty bone marrow and blood vessel storage

Question 15

what are the 4 types of bone cells

Answer 15

osteoprogenitor
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

Question 16

describe the osteoprogenitor

Answer 16

bone stem cell
undergo cell division
develop into osteoblasts

Question 17

describe the osteoblast

Answer 17

immature bone cell
builds bone
secrets osteoid

Question 18

describe the osteocyte

Answer 18

sit within lacunae
maintains bone metabolism
communicate via canalicoli

Question 19

describe the osteoclast

Answer 19

derived from fusion of WBC
secrete enzymes and acids
bone resorption

Question 20

describe the osteon

Answer 20

a compact cylinder of concentric lamellae. makes up compact bone

Question 21

describe the concentric lamellae

Answer 21

circular rings of calcified extracellular matrix. forms osteons

Question 22

describe the central canal

Answer 22

small tunnel running through osteons. houses vessels and nerves

Question 23

describe the lacunae

Answer 23

small hollow spaces between lamellae which houses osteocytes

Question 24

describe the canaliculi

Answer 24

thin channels containing processes of osteocytes. connect lacunae

Question 25

describe the perforating canal

Answer 25

connect vessels and nerves of periosteum and central canals

Question 26

what is spongy bone made up of

Answer 26

lamella in irregular patters of thin columns called trabeculae

Question 27

what are the gaps between the trabeculae