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Science > Simple Machines > Flashcards

Simple Machines Flashcards

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0
Q

True or false

Applying a force always results in work being done

A

False, the object has to move

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1
Q

Define work

A

In science, work occurs when a force causes an object to move in the direction of that force

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2
Q

When do you know if work is being done

A

1) the object moves as a force is applied

2) the direction of the objects motion is the same as the direction of the force applied

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3
Q

Work formula & what is the unit for work

A

W=FxD

Joules

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4
Q

Define power

A

The rate at which work is done.

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5
Q

Power formula & what is the unit for power

A

P=W divided by T

Watt

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6
Q

How is powered increased

A

When work is done faster

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7
Q

Define machine

A

A device that helps make work easier by changing the size or direction or a force

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8
Q

Define input force

A

The work you do on the machine

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9
Q

Define output force

A

The work done by the machine

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10
Q

True or false

Work output can never be greater than the work input

A

True

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11
Q

What is the force-distant trade off

A

When you increase force you decrease distance and when you increase distance you decrease force

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12
Q

Define mechanical advantage

A

Tells you how many times the machine multiplies force.

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13
Q

Equation for mechanical advantage

A

Output force divided by input force

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14
Q

Why can work output never be greater than work input.

A

Because some of the work is used to overcome friction, but no work is lost

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15
Q

Define mechanical efficiency

A

A comparison of a machines work output and work input

16
Q

Equation for mechanical efficiency

A

Work output divided by work input. Then multiplied by 100

17
Q

6 simple machines

A

Lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley, wheel & axle

18
Q

Define lever

A

Simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed point

19
Q

Explain 1st class levers

A

The fulcrum is in the middle. Always changes the direction of the of the input force. Ex. Seesaw

20
Q

Explain 2nd class levers

A

The load is in between the fulcrum and the input force. They allow you to apply less force than the force exerted by the load. Ex. wheelbarrow

21
Q

Explain 3rd class levers

A

The input force is between the load and the fulcrum. The output force is less than the input force

22
Q

Define inclined plane

A

Simple machine that is in a straight slanted surface

23
Q

Equation for M.A for inclined plane.

A

Length divided by height

24
Q

Define wedge.

A

A doubled inclined plane that moves

25
Q

What happens when you move a wedge through a distance

A

It applies a force on an object. a wedge applies a output force that is greater than your input force but you apply the in the input force over a greater distance

26
Q

M.A of wedge

A

Length divided by it’s greatest thickness

27
Q

Define screw

A

An inclined plane that is wrapped in a spiral

28
Q

M.A of a screw

A

The closer/ more spiral the screw has the greater the MA

29
Q

Define wheel & axel

A

A simple machine consisting if two circular objects of different sizes

30
Q

Which has a smaller radius a wheel or a axel

A

Axel

31
Q

I’m wheels and axels is there a larger output force than input force. If so why

A

Yes bc the axel is smaller so it rotates through a smaller distance

32
Q

MA of wheels and axel

A

Radius of wheel divided by the radius of the axis. Always greater than 1

33
Q

Define pulley

A

A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel that holds a rope or cable.

34
Q

Describe Fixed pulley

A

A pulley that change the direction of the force. They don’t increase force and is attached to something that doesn’t move.

35
Q

Describe movable pulleys

A

Attached to something that can be moved. They don’t change a forces direction. They increase force

36
Q

Describe block & tackles

A

A fixes pulley and a movable pulley together l. They can have a large mechanical advantage if several pulleys are used. MA found by counting rope segments

37
Q

Define compound machines

A

Machines that are made of two or more simple machines

Science (7 decks)

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