Signaling

Question 1

3 steps of signalling

Answer 1

reception
transmission
response

Question 2

at rest ion concentration of sodium+

Answer 2

higher outside than inside inside

Question 3

at rest ion concentration of potassium+

Answer 3

higher inside than outside

Question 4

at rest ion concentration of chloride-

Answer 4

higher outside than inside

Question 5

what causes depolarisation

Answer 5

the opening of sodium ion channels and increase of sodium conc inside cell

Question 6

what is the process when potassium ions flow out cell

Answer 6

repolarisation

Question 7

what is an absolute refractory period

Answer 7

sodium channels that caused depolarisation are closed and cannot be activated for short time

Question 8

what is a relative refractory period

Answer 8

sodium channels can work and initiate new action potential but hard to reach threshold

Question 9

excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 9

promotes action potential formation

Question 10

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 10

reduces chance of action potential

Question 11

how is a signal switched off

Answer 11

• reuptake by neurotransmitters into presynaptic cell
• enzymes that specifically degrade neurotransmitter