Side Effects + Interactions Flashcards
What antibiotic side effect causes failure of oral contraceptions?
GI side effects such as nausea and diarrhoea result in failure of oral contraception
How do antibiotics cause C-Diff?
Kill normal gut bacterial flora and allow overgrowth in bowel of toxin-producing strains of C. Diff
What is the side effect of ahminoglycosides (gentamicin)?
Damages kidneys and causes deafness/dizziness
What is the side effect of glycopeptides?
Vancomycin damages kidneys
Occasionally causes “red man syndrome” (allergy)
What is the side effect of tetracyclines?
Permanent staining of teeth (and bones) in children <12 years
What is the side effect of metronidazole?
Interacts with alcohol
What is the side effect of quinolones?
Weakens tendons (tendon rupture) May damage joints in children May cause seizures
What % of the population will develop a mild rash from penicillin?
1-10%
What % of the population have a true hypersensitivity to penicillin?
<0.05%
What are symptoms and signs of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin?
Itchy rash
Difficulty breathing/swelling of mouth/tongue/larynx
Low BP
Swelling at injection site
Which antibiotics should be avoided in penicillin allergy?
Penicillin-containing antibiotics (ofc!)
Also cephalosporins should be avoided!
Are all pencilling and cephalosporins safe in preganancy?
Yes
Which two antibiotics should be avoided in the first 3 months of pregnancy?
Trimethoprim + metronidazole
Which 3 antibiotics should NOT be given in pregnancy?
Gentamicin
Tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolones
Clarithromycin can increase the risk of which heart arrythmia?
Prolonged QT syndrome
