Shorten Socioglists

Question 1

Scott

Answer 1

Attempts by members of the upper-class to marry of the children to those who are eligible socially economically and politically guaranteed kingship network

Old boy network operating informally through memberships of London clubs by the social round of diners and parties as well as more formally in business meetings and official event

Contacts are essential in furthering their careers and also enable them to have more influence in the post where they eventually

Question 2

MACINTOSH AND MOONEY

Answer 2

One crucial way occupation is linked identity is due social class which can provide us with a centre belonging. It can tell us who we are and who they are hence how to relate to the world around us.

Wealth and privilege are not visible

Question 3

KENWAY

Answer 3

Private school girls maintain their high levels of self-esteem by devaluing the status and achievement of state educated young people

Question 4

KENWAY

Answer 4

Suggest child sentence is a distinctive feature

Fam socialises middle-class identities by reinforcing attitude and values about important importance of educational success do use of role models sanctions and imitation

Question 5

BOURDIEU

Answer 5

Suggest middle class have values, knowledge, leisure interest levels of language and skills at home they are similar to house school is set up

Question 6

GOODWIN

Answer 6

Suggest that many middle-class mothers to find their identities by peer approval new breed of Yummy Mummies no longer possible traditional types of hegemonic females but now defined by Peter approval

Question 7

SAUNDERS

Answer 7

Media targets the middle ages as they regroup with high disposable income and often identity with what they own

Question 8

WRIGHT

Answer 8

Augies middle-class occupied contradictory class position often hold a partial control or minimal control roles which gives some control over resources with organisation

Question 9

WILLIS

Answer 9

For boys and their father, their jobs were a key source of their identity defining themselves as manual workers manual labour jobs declining

Question 10

MAC AN GHAIL

Answer 10

Working class man experienced crisis of masculinity due to manual labour jobs decreasing

Question 11

BOWLES AND GINTIS

Answer 11

Function of education to maintain legitimise and reduce class inequalities of wealth and power done by transforming rule in class values disguised as common values in hidden curriculum

Question 12

BOURDIEU

Answer 12

Talks about hidden curriculum

Question 13

MERTENS AND D’HAENENS

Answer 13

Studies digital divided in Brussels lower class use Internet less 81% middle-class use Internet more 94% middle-class use technology to expand knowledge 79% lower class own game consoles whereas 65% of upper class

Question 14

MURRAY

Answer 14

Dishonest disrespectful undeserving and reckless mainstream society without participating 80s the term underclass and merge as a label blackmail was more suspected of crimes stereotypical

Question 15

JORDAN

Answer 15

Disagree with the many underclass have values and attitudes as everyone else would love to work if they could feel sense of shame as they can’t provide for their family

Question 16

PAKULSKI AND WATERS

Answer 16

Shift from production to consumption class has changed from occupation to level of possession

Question 17

OFFE

Answer 17

Fewer individuals share common undying experience of full-time work which used to shape cultural social

Question 18

SKEGGS

Answer 18

Working class women have instrumental attitudes to work jobs and influence their identities. Just meet ends.

Question 19

PARSONS

Answer 19

Proposed distinct family rules for females expressive and males as instrumental rooted in nature and socialised

Question 20

OAKLEY

Answer 20

Explore gender, socialisation and families do processes like manipulation canalisation, verbal epilation and domestic activities

Question 21

MCROBBIE

Answer 21

Sound that goes often were ignored in youth subculture due to male researcher emphasising appearance and assigning them smaller roles

Question 22

CONNELL

Answer 22

Argues that rather than masculinity referring to one type of behavior, there are different forms of masculinity which emerge or change overtime

hegemonic masculinity, complicit masculinity, subordinate masculinity, marginalized masculinity

Question 23

SEWELL

Answer 23

recognises a new hyper masculinity displayed by black Afro Caribbean males who adopt exaggerated versions of hegemonic masculinity

due to being from matriarchal backgrounds (female dominated) where they lack positive black male role models

Question 24

NIXON

Answer 24

Origins of the new man roots back to the 1085 Levi adverts
It could now be cool for men to spend time, money, and effort on their appearance

Question 25

McCORMACK

Answer 25

Researches the effects of declining homophobia on heterosexual boys and LGBT youth in educational and sport settings

Question 26

RICH

Answer 26

Argues that women’s sexuality is oppressed by men in patriarchal society

through institutions such as marriage, through sexual violence and rape and through the sexual objectifications of women

Question 27

PLUMMER

Answer 27

Sees homosexualty as a process and discusses the homosexual career
where a male who has accepted the label of homosexual will seek out others and join a subculture in which stereotypical homosexual characteristics become the norm

roles where behavior between boys and girls was seen as distinctly different.
WILLIS -
suggested two reasons why science is seen as being a more masculine subject.
Firstly, she argues that science is packaged as a boys subject with textbooks containing pictures of boys and examples that would interest boys such as footballs and cars.
Secondly, she claims that boys dominate science classrooms by shouting out answers and grabbing equipment first.
SKELTON -
Hidden curriculum transmits traditional gender roles
KELLY -
Science is a boy subject by dominance
demonstrates how peers can support the acceptance of a homosexual identity

Question 28

CASHMORE AND TROYNA

Answer 28

As a response to discrimination, many immigrants turned inwards, and created their own communities, with people of the same ethnic backgrounds as themselves
They described the way, immigrants set up their own places of worship for their communities example, Indians Pakistanis set up their own mosques and temples and Afro Caribbean set up churches

Question 29

GHUMAN

Answer 29

Found by researching British Asian identities, tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second generation Asians in the UK and that Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family with the emphasis of duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment

Question 30

DRIVER AND BALLARD

Answer 30

Argue that Indian families place a great value on their children’s education by pushing their children to have high ambitions and to gain the best possible grades. This is reflected in the achievement of Indian pupils who do better than black and white groups on average of GCSE results leading them to certain career types

Question 31

BACK

Answer 31

Hybrid identities
Youth shared the same culture rather than separate ones. They were trying new cultural masks, and that cultural borrowing was taking place where white and Asian use, listen to rap and reggae rather than rock or Bhangra

Question 32

GILL

Answer 32

Blasian, meaning Asian people adopting and adopting black senses of identity
Jay Sean an example

Question 33

NAYAK

Answer 33

White wannabes are young white, working-class males, who adopt a star and language of black culture

Question 34

PHILLIPS

Answer 34

Argues that national curriculum supports the ideology of nationalism, and that history lessons in particular are factor in creating national identity

Question 35

SCHUDEN

Answer 35

Points out that all British people are socialised into a common national culture and identity through various means
A common language education, national ritual symbols, the mass media, the mass production of fashion and taste

Question 36

HALL

Answer 36

Suggest that countries may display three different reactions to globalisation
Cultural homogenisation Cultural hybridity Cultural resistance

Question 37

PARSONS

Answer 37

Adolescence = time children begin to develop independence from parents
Parents 2 main functions =
Primary socialisation Ensure kids w raised to become well rounded adults

Question 38

MCROBBIE

Answer 38

‘Bedroom culture’ = girls spend leisure time gossiping + pampering away from humiliation (boys + outside world)
They’re socialised into traditional gender norms via ‘cult of femininity’

Question 39

SEWELL

Answer 39

Boys fine comfort within peers, look up to male idols = as lack of father
Pressure = follow hyper masculinity
Boys put less effort in school knowing they’d be discriminated by teachers anyways
Young black youths had no high achieving aims/goals = reject school + get Rich quick attitude = follow rappers

Question 40

BRANNEN

Answer 40

Suggested for many people, middle age is a time when they shoulder many caring responsibilities (children and parents)
Pivot generation = swinging between two
Dual burden - suffered by middle age population
Mother/wife most likely to suffer dual burden

Question 41

HODKINSON

Answer 41

Sense of belonging could continue into middle age
Goths = level of commitment to Gosh scene and friendship groups and identity that develop around being a goth

Question 42

MAC AN GHAIL

Answer 42

Once made redundant, they feel a loss of identity from tight knit identities
Loss of role as breadwinner
Loss of status and identity

Question 43

PARSONS

Answer 43

Elderly have less status in society, lose their most important social role within the family
Isolated from children who focus on their marriage and own family
Disengagement theory = disengage with previous role

Question 44

CARRIGAN AND SZMIGIN

Answer 44

Older people grown in number but less likely to be portrayed in advertisement
More negative (smelly incontient)

Question 45

LANDIS

Answer 45

Identified number of stereotypes in representations of older people
E.g
Grumpy old man Depressed/lonely

Question 46

HOCKEY AND JAMES

Answer 46

Old age is infantilised = seen as
anyone to disabled less than one fifth of people have disabilities from birth other not yet disabled
BARNES -
Argues that in the mass media representations of disability have generally been oppressive, and negative, common media representation, such as in need of pity and charity, victims, villains, super cripples, burden, sexually, abnormal, ordinary or normal
GILL -
Polio survivor, who became disabled later in life, when you become a member of

 helpless/vulnerable/ dependant and needing care e.g privacy taken away To resist = older people act younger = behave childlike, mock staff and poke their youngest out at them

Question 47

FEATHERSTONE AND HEPWORT

Answer 47

Life course has begun to deconstruct (2 processes)
De differentiation - where differences between stages of the life course become less clear
Deinstitutionalisatio n- institutions of society become less closely associated with maintaining diff phases of the life course

Question 48

BLAIKIE

Answer 48

Attitude to retirement changed + stereotypes of old age broken down - due to consumer culture
Retired important consumer group targeted with a range of products + services

Question 49

CLARKE AND WARRE

Answer 49

Old age time to make new friends +engage in new interests - inclusion into activity may define as old age identity

Question 50

THE MEDICAL MODEL

Answer 50

Sees disability as a medical problem, focuses on limitations caused by the implement, leads to victim blaming

Question 51

SHAKESPEARE

Answer 51

Argues that disabled people are often socialised into seeing themselves as victims, and that people with impairments may accept victim mentality to use as reason of their failure. Disabled people are often isolated from each other so forming a strong collective identity is difficult.

Question 52

RIDLEY

Answer 52

Comedian suffering from cerebral palsy, does disability make you feel awkward? 2/3 of people felt awkward talking to disabled people 43% of people don’t know