Ship Handling Facts "ROT" Flashcards
SWE STANDS FOR ___________
SHALLOW WATER EFFECT
SWE FULL EFFECT AT _____ x draft
1.2
1.5
2
2.5
1.2 X DRAFT
SWE FELT AT LESS THAN _____ x draft
1.2
1.5
2
2.5
2 X DRAFT
SWE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT AT ____ x draft
1.2
1.5
2
2.5
1.5 X DRAFT
SWE TURNING CIRCLE UP TO ____ IN DEEP WATER
2 times greater than
SWE - RATE OF TURN IS ____ AS FOR DEEP WATER TURN
THE SAME
SWE - PRODUCES ____ STEERING CHARACTERISTICS
IMPROVED (PROVIDED NOT TRIMMED BY THE HEAD)
SWE - SHIP TWISTS MORE WHEN ____
Backed or ahead?
BACKED (MAY BECOME UNRELIABLE: ROWE pg. 26)
IN SWE SHIP CARRIES HER WAY ____ WITH ENGINE STOPPED
Longer or shorter?
LONGER
IN SWE THERE IS _____ WAVE MAKING
Increased or decreased?
INCREASED
IN SWE ____ SPEED FOR GIVEN RPM
Reduced or increased?
REDUCED
SWE ____ THE TRIM
CHANGES (BOW OR STERN DEPENDING ON SHIP AND INITIAL TRIM)
SWE- CHANGE OF OVERALL ____
DRAFT (SINKAGE)
SWE- CHANGE OF TRIM AND DRAFT (SINKAGE) = _____
SQUAT
SWE- ____ SHIP TO SHIP AND SHIP TO BANK EFFECTS
INCREASES
SWE- OPEN WATER SQUAT (FT) = _____
Cb X V²/30
SWE- SHALLOW WATER SQUAT (FT) = ____
2 X (Cb X V²/30)
SWE- CB 0.75+ TEND TO ____ BY THE HEAD
SQUAT
Cb = ____
BLOCK COEFFICIENT
V =
SPEED
SWE- SQUAT GENERALLY INCREASES ____ AS TWO SHIPS PASS IN A CHANNEL
50%
SWE- KEEP SPEEDS TO A MAX OF ____ WITH ____ UKC
6 KNOTS, 5 FEET
SWE- LIST CAUSED BY TURN AND SQUAT UNDER HULL AT THE OUTSIDE OF THE TURN IS A ____ FACTOR THAT ____ UKC
SIGNIFICANT, REDUCES
SWE-DOES ACCELERATION INCREASE OR DECREASE SQUAT?
INCREASES
PP IS LOCATED _______ FOR ACCELERATED TURN AHEAD FROM STOPPED.
1/8L FROM BOW
PP =
PIVOT POINT
PP IS LOCATED ____ FOR INITIAL STAGE OF TURN WITH HEADWAY
1/4L FROM BOW
PP IS LOCATED ____ FOR STEADY TURN
1/3L FROM BOW
PP MOVES ____ DURING ACCELERATED TURN
FORWARD
PP- MOVES ____ FOR GOING ASTERN
FORWARD
PP- MOVES ____ OR ____ FROM THE STERN WHEN STOPPED AND USING BOW THRUSTER
1/8L, BEAM WIDTH
PP- ____ HAS A VERY STRONG EFFECT ON THE PP LOCATION
TRIM (HOOYER pg. 23)
PP- TRIMMED BY THE HEAD = ____
PIVOT POINT MOVES AFT (HOOYER)
PP- TRIMMED BY THE STERN = ____
PIVOT POINT MOVES FORWARD (HOOYER)
PP = ____ FROM BOW WHEN TURNING HARD FROM DIW
1/L-B RATIO
PP- TRUE OR FALSE: NEWLY INTRODUCED FORCES DO NOT HAVE IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON PP UNTIL MOMENTUM SUBSIDES
TRUE: PP GRADUALLY MOVES (HOOYER pg. 23-24)
PP- SHIP WITH HEADWAY-TUG PUSHING AT SHOULDER = ____
PIVOT POINT MOVES AFT (HENSON pg..43)
PP- SHIP WITH HEADWAY-TUG PUSHING AT QUARTER =____
PIVOT POINT MOVES FORWARD (HENSON pg. 43)
PP- WHAT EFFECT DOES SHALLOW WATER HAVE ON PIVOT POINT?
ROWE SAYS IT MOVES AFT. WE THINK IT STAYS IN POSITION OR MOVES FORWARD A LITTLE
CONSTANT RPM TURNING CIRCLES ARE ____ AS AT SLOW AND FULL AHEAD
VIRTUALLY IDENTICAL
RATE OF TURN ____ AT HIGHER SPEED
HIGHER
____ TURN CAN REDUCE TURNING CIRCLE DIAMETER BY HALF
ACCELERATED
VLCC LOSES ____ OF HERE HEADWAY FOR EVERY ____ CHANGE IN HEADING
25-30 PERCENT, 90 DEGREES
SPEED DECREASES FROM 12 KNOTS TO ____ AFTER COMPLETING A ROUND TURN
2-3 KNOTS
SHIPS DO RESPOND TO RUDDER AT VERY SLOW SPEED IF ____
GIVEN THE CHANCE
DIRECTIONALLY UNSTABLE SHIPS NEED ____ RUDDER TO START A TURN AND ____ RUDDER TO STOP A TURN
MORE, MORE
DIRECTIONALLY UNSTABLE SHIPS HAVE A ____ TURNING CIRCLE
SMALLER
TURNING MOMENT = ____ MOMENT + MOMENT OF ____ RESISTANCE (FORWARD)
STEERING, LATERAL (HOOYER pg. 28)
SHIP DOWN BY HEAD = ____ TO STEER, ____ TO START SWING, ____ TO STOP SWING, ____ TURNING CIRCLE
DIFFICULT, SLOW, HARD, SMALLER (HOOYER pg. 31)
SHIP DOWN BY STERN = LARGER TURNING CIRCLE DUE TO ____ AND ____ WHICH RESTRICTS DRIFT ANGLE
WEAK FR AT BOW, STRONG LATERAL RESISTANCE ABAFT PP (HOOYER pg. 31)
DRIFT ANGLE ____ UNTIL AR AND TRANSVERSE RUDDER FORCE REACH A BALANCE
INCREASES (HOOYER pg. 121)
STEERING LEVER = DISTANCE FROM ____ TO ____
RUDDER, PP (FIRST CLASS LEVER) (HOOYER pg. 123)
LATERAL RESISTANCE LEVER = DISTANCE FROM ____ TO THE ____
PP, r’(POINT OF FR) (HOOYER pg. 123)
DIAMETER OF TURNING CIRCLE- DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ____ INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE ____
STERRING LEVER, LATERAL RESISTANCE LEVER (HOOYER pg. 123)
DIAMETER OF TURNING CIRCLE- FIRST QUARTER OF TURNING CIRCLE IS ____, AS TURN CONTINUES PP MOVES ____ AS FR INCREASES AND DRIFT ANGLE INCREASES. ALSO AS ____ DECREASES ____ DECREASES
LARGER, AFT, SPEED, ADVANCE (MOMENTUM) (HOOYER pg. 123)
LOW RATE OF TURN
FIRST 10° (HOOYER pg. 122)
PEAK RATE OF TURN
FROM 10-90° (HOOYER pg. 122)
LOWER RATE OF TURN
BEYOND 90° (HOOYER pg. 122)
WHEN SLOWING DOWN RUDDER CYCLING W/ SMALL COURSE ALTERATIONS - MORE EFFECTIVE IN ______ THAN ______ CONDITION.
BALLAST, LOADED
WHEN SLOWING DOWN SPEED REDUCTION FROM FULL SPEED - 20 % AHEAD TURNS CREATES ______ RESISTANCE THAN _____ PROPELLER.
MORE, STOPPED
HOOYER P.32
WHEN SLOWING DOWN SPEED REDUCTION FROM FULL SPEED - 20% AHEAD TURNS CREATES ____ RESISTANCE THAN STOPPED PROPELLER
MORE (HOOYER pg. 32)
WHEN SLOWING DOWN SPEED REDUCTION FROM FULL SPEED - 20% ASTERN TURNS IS INITIALLY ____ EFFECTIVE THAN WORKING FULL ASTERN DUE TO ____
MORE, CAVITATION (HOOYER pg. 33)
BT =
BOW THRUSTER
BT- TURNING EFFECTIVENESS DROPS SIGNIFICANTLY AT SPEEDS OVER ____
2 KNOTS
BAUDU- 4 KNOTS (50%)
BT - MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN _____, PP A BEAM WIDTH FROM THE ______
STOPPED, STERN
ROWE P. 90
BT- MORE EFFECTIVE WITH _____ THAN WITH _______
STERNWAY, HEADWAY
WITH _____ DON’T ALLOW SHIP TO WANDER TO FAR OFF OR DEVELOP ______ ____ __ ______
STERNWAY, LARGE RATE OF TURN
LATERAL MOTION TO _____ EASIER TO MAINTAIN THAN TO ______
PORT, STARBOARD
BT- GENERATES SMALL AMOUNT OF ______
HEADWAY
1KW =
1.341 HP (1.351 SHP - ROWE P. 89)
2000KW (2702 shp) OVERPOWERED BY _____ KTS OF WIND ON _____ CAR CARRIER
18, 200M
BANK EFFECT - MORE ______ SUCTION EFFECT THAN _____ CUSHION EFFECT
STERN, BANK
BANK EFFECT - SHIP _____ BODILY _____ THE BANK
SUCKED, TOWARDS
BANK EFFECT - SHALLOW WATER _______ EFFECT
ACCENTUATES
BANK EFFECT - BOW CUSHION & PP - LARGE SHIPS WITH HEIGHTENED BOW WAVE PUSH PP _____ GIVING LEVERAGE TO BOW CUSION WITH DANGER OF _____
AFT, SHEER (HOOYER P. 88,89)
BANK EFFECT - ANCHOR WARNING - ______ USE ANCHOR TO BREAK SHEER IN _______ CHANNEL WITH _______ UKC.
DO NOT, NARROW, SMALL
HOOYER P.91