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Austin's Sheet Metal 4th Year > Sheet Metal Red Seal > Flashcards

Sheet Metal Red Seal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for the area of a trapezoid?

A

A = 1/2 H (base1 + base2)

H represents the height of the trapezoid, while base1 and base2 are the lengths of the two parallel sides.

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2
Q

What is the formula for the area of a triangle?

A

1/2 x H x Base

H is the height of the triangle and Base is the length of the base.

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3
Q

What is the mitre angle formula?

A

Angle = angle of elbow / (number of PC’s x 2) - 2

PC’s refers to the number of points of curvature.

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4
Q

How is the vertical apex calculated?

A

VH x LD / (LD - SD)

VH is the vertical height, LD is the long diameter, and SD is the short diameter.

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5
Q

What is the formula for the 0G wrapper length?

A

4 x square root of (Length^2 + offset^2) - L/3

Length refers to the length of the wrapper and offset is a specific measurement related to the design.

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6
Q

How do you calculate the radius point on an ogee?

A

(offset^2 + length^2) / (4 x offset)

This formula helps in determining the curvature of the ogee design.

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7
Q

What is the formula to find throat or heel length?

A

Rx 1.57 x Degree / 90

R is the radius, and Degree refers to the angle being measured.

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8
Q

What is the velocity pressure formula?

A

VP = (FPM/4005)^2 or PV = Pt - Ps

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9
Q

How do you calculate FPM using velocity pressure (VP)?

A

FPM = Square root of VP x 4005

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10
Q

What is the formula to calculate round duct size with area?

A

R = square root of area (square inches) / 3.14

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11
Q

What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?

A

Volume = 3.14 x R^2 x H

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12
Q

What formula is used for elbow throat?

A

Angle/360 x 3.14 x 2 (heel radius)

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13
Q

What formula is used for elbow heel?

A

Angle/360 x 3.14 x 2 (heel radius)

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14
Q

What supports the bands?

A

Cladding

Cladding is used to provide structural support for the bands.

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15
Q

What supports the sheets?

A

S clips

S clips are mechanical fasteners used to secure sheets.

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16
Q

What are the best mechanical fasteners for lagging?

A

SS gear clamps (band stap)

SS gear clamps are commonly used for securing lagging.

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17
Q

What is the flashing on the top side of a chimney with an angled roof called?

A

Cricket or saddle

A cricket or saddle directs water around the chimney.

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18
Q

What are the sides of chimney flashing known as?

A

Step Flashing

Step flashing is used to prevent water intrusion at the chimney.

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19
Q

What is the typical order of operation when breaking sheet metal?

A

Smallest to largest (bending gutters)

This order helps in maintaining structural integrity during the process.

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20
Q

What is the angled piece where the parapet meets the roof called?

A

Can’t strip

The term refers to a specific type of flashing or detail in roofing.

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21
Q

What is lagging?

A

Cover the insulation on the outside of duct.

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22
Q

What direction should you install lagging?

A

Bottom, sides, top

Seam at 2 o’clock, opposite side from prevailing winds.

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23
Q

What is the minimum distance between rivets?

A

3 rivet diameters

This ensures proper load distribution and structural integrity.

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24
Q

How are rivets (not pop rivets) sold?

A

Sold by weight per 1000 rivets

This pricing method reflects the material and quantity.

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25
Q

What is the significance of rivet distance from the edge of material?

A

It affects the strength and integrity of the joint

Proper spacing prevents material failure.

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26
Q

What does ‘2D’ refer to in the context of rivets?

A

Two-dimensional representation

This typically relates to design specifications.

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27
Q

In pop or blind rivets identification, what does the first number indicate?

A

Diameter of shank of the rivet in increments

This is crucial for selecting the correct rivet size.

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28
Q

Pop or Blind Rivets identification

A

Diameter and grip

First number is diameter of shank of the rivet in increments of 1/32.

Second number is the grip which is how much material it can fasten in increments of 1/16.

Example: a 45 rivet has a D of 4x
1/32 and A grip of 5x 1/16

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29
Q

What are the two types of bypass dampers?

A

Barometric and motorized

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30
Q

What will happen to a zone system without a bypass?

A

Too much air may go to one zone

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31
Q

How does a multi-zone unit control the temperature of the air?

A

Mixing different airstreams at central unit

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32
Q

What is a standard VAV box without reheat also called?

A

Single duct terminal unit

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33
Q

What type of load are powder actuated tools designed for?

A

Static load, not intended for dynamic loads

Powder actuated tools are specifically engineered to handle static loads, which means they are not meant for applications involving moving or dynamic forces.

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34
Q

Why are high velocity powder actuated tools no longer used in North America?

A

Due to better low velocity options

The transition to low velocity options offers improved safety and efficiency, making high velocity tools less desirable.

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35
Q

What is the maximum speed of powder actuated tools?

A

90M or 295 FPS

FPS stands for feet per second, a common unit of measurement for speed.

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36
Q

What are the three different power load calibers?

A

*.22
*.25
*.27

These calibers refer to the diameter of the power loads used in the tools.

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37
Q

What type of ends do power load cartridges for low velocity tools have?

A

Crimped ends

Crimped ends help secure the power load within the cartridge, ensuring proper function in low velocity applications.

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38
Q

What is the maximum shot distance from the edge for powder actuated tools?

A

3” from edge

This applies to the distance from fastener to fastener.

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39
Q

How does a powder actuated fastener work?

A

Fastener displaces base material which compresses the area around fastener.

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40
Q

When is fall protection needed?

A

Fall from 3m possible without guard rails.

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41
Q

What does Ohns section 156 outline?

A

Use of fall protection from a lift.

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42
Q

What is the height requirement for guardrails above openings?

A

Top - no less than 36” from ground and no more than 42”.

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43
Q

What is the minimum height for toe boards?

A

140mm in height (5.5 inches).

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44
Q

What must be installed if there are guardrails and material can fall 1.8m (5.9ft)?

A

Toe boards must be installed

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45
Q

What is the OHS requirement for tie-off when working from a personal ladder?

A

10’ (3m) - OHS 137(1)

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46
Q

What does the green triangle symbol on a fire extinguisher indicate?

A

A - wood/paper

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47
Q

What is the minimum distance from the wall to a condensing coil?

A

12”

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48
Q

What is the required straight pipe length needed on the inlet of a VAV?

A

4D (Some specs say 3D)

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49
Q

Explain how are VAV works

A

Cool air supplied like normal, on call for heat, damper to cool air shut off, fan starts pulls warm air from air plenum, if more heat required reheat cool energized

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50
Q

Explain how induction terminal units work

A

High pressure primary air shot
across coil, venturi effect draws
secondary air from tool to coil

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51
Q

12 different load strengths of powder actuated tools based on color

A

Brass and Nickel case covers

Gray
Brown
Green
Yellow
Red
Purple

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52
Q

What is the composition of solder content 60-40?

A

60% tin and 40% lead

This is a common type of solder used in various applications.

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53
Q

How are soldering coppers sized?

A

By weight per pair

For example, 4|b coppers give two coppers of 2lb.

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54
Q

How do you find the straight section of a reducing elbow?

A

Big end minus small end

This measurement helps in determining the length needed.

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55
Q

What is carbonic acid?

A

It is formed when CO2 dissolves in water vapor, causing corrosion

Carbonic acid can contribute to the degradation of materials.

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56
Q

What is the maximum temperature of a B vent?

A

480°F

This temperature limit is crucial for safety and functionality.

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57
Q

What types of gas can a B vent be used for?

A

Propane or natural gas

It is not suitable for coal, wood, or oil.

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58
Q

What materials are used in the construction of a B vent?

A

Aluminum interior and galvalume exterior

This combination provides durability and resistance to corrosion.

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59
Q

What is the minimum platform width of a scaffold?

A

20 inches or two planks

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60
Q

What is the lowest grade of Manila rope for overhead lifting?

A

Number 1

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61
Q

How strong is nylon rope compared to Manila rope?

A

2.5x stronger

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62
Q

What does WLL stand for?

A

Working Load Limits - minimum for supporting workers is a factor of 10

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63
Q

What percentage of strength is lessened in a rope with a knot?

A

50%

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64
Q

What amount of rope strength can be used for lifting or pulling?

A

1/9 for overhead, 1/5 for pulling

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65
Q

What is a threaded sleeve that is driven in and has bolt thread to it?

A

Drop in anchor

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66
Q

What is a light duty anchor?

A

A fastener used for lightweight applications

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67
Q

What is a pin bolt?

A

A type of fastener that can be nailed in

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68
Q

What type of force pulls straight down?

A

Tensile

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69
Q

What is the force at 90 degrees to a fastener called?

A

Shear

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70
Q

What is an anchor placed in the form before concrete is poured called?

A

Hanger insert

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71
Q

By what factor should a manufacturer’s rated load capacity be divided?

A

4x

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72
Q

How many BTU are needed to raise 55 cu. Ft. of air 1 degree F?

A

1 BTU

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73
Q

What is the scaffold design rating in relation to load?

A

4x the load it will be used on

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74
Q

How long can a scaffold not be used before it needs to be re-tagged?

A

21 days

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75
Q

What information is included on scaffold tags?

A

Duty rating, date inspected, who inspected, notes, expiry

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76
Q

What color tags indicate a scaffold may not be used?

A

Red tag, no tag, yellow or green expired tag

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77
Q

What must an employer ensure about a solid sawn lumber scaffold plank?

A

Scaffold grade wood or better, sized 51x254mm (2”x10”)

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78
Q

How far must a wooden scaffold plank extend past the edge?

A

No less than 6” or more than 12” (150-300mm)

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79
Q

What is the mobile scaffold height requiring guardrails?

A

10’

This height indicates the minimum requirement for safety guardrails on mobile scaffolds.

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80
Q

What adjustment can be made to change CFM?

A

Change motor pulley (driver)

Adjusting the motor pulley can affect the airflow measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM).

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81
Q

What happens when you open an adjustable pulley?

A

Goes slower or gets smaller

Opening an adjustable pulley reduces the speed of the fan or decreases its size.

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82
Q

What happens when you close an adjustable pulley?

A

Goes faster or gets bigger

Closing an adjustable pulley increases the speed of the fan or increases its size.

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83
Q

To slow down the fan, what would we need to do to a pulley?

A

Use smaller motor pulley

A smaller motor pulley reduces the speed of the fan.

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84
Q

If you close the motor pulley (decrease belt tension), what happens?

A

Speed up

Decreasing the belt tension by closing the motor pulley will increase the fan’s speed.

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85
Q

What is the eavestrough slope?

A

1” per 16’

This slope ratio is important for proper drainage in eavestrough systems.

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86
Q

What is L Vent?

A

A type of venting system for appliances

87
Q

What type of fuel is L Vent rated for?

A

Oil burning

88
Q

What is the maximum temperature for L Vent?

A

570°F

89
Q

What materials is L Vent made out of?

A

Stainless steel or aluminum

90
Q

L Vent is similar to which other type of vent?

A

B Vent

91
Q

What is the minimum distance that fuel-fired appliances must be installed from the property line?

A

1.2 meters

This distance is measured horizontally from the property line.

92
Q

Where should fuel-fired appliances be installed according to ABC requirements?

A

On the roof or outside the building

This refers to the location specifications for the installation of these appliances.

93
Q

Define term outlet

A

The distance air travels from the center of the diffuser outward to where air velocity drops to 50 FPM

FPM stands for feet per minute, a unit of velocity.

94
Q

What is the term for the distance air travels from the center of a diffuser outward?

A

Outlet

95
Q

What velocity defines the endpoint of the outlet distance?

A

50 FPM

96
Q

In what units is the distance air travels displayed?

A

Feet

97
Q

What is the maximum height of a rolling scaffold in relation to its smallest dimension?

A

No more than 3 times the smallest dimension

98
Q

A worker must not remain on a rolling scaffold while it’s being moved unless?

A

The height of the work platform is not more than twice its smallest base dimension

This is a safety regulation to prevent accidents while moving scaffolds.

99
Q

What is a constant current welding machine?

A

A machine that maintains a constant current regardless of changes in arc length or resistance

Commonly used in processes like SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) and GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)

100
Q

What does DCEP stand for in welding?

A

Direct Current Electrode Positive

This polarity is used for welding with a slower weld speed

101
Q

What is the effect of Reverse Polarity in welding?

A

Slower weld speed

Reverse polarity refers to DCEP (Direct Current Electrode Positive)

102
Q

What is DCEN in welding?

A

Direct Current Electrode Negative

This polarity leads to faster weld speed and shallower penetration

103
Q

What is the difference between hot rolled and cold rolled steel?

A

Hot rolled is lower grade and not as hard as cold rolled

Cold rolled steel undergoes a further processing step that enhances its strength and surface finish

104
Q

What is the minimum offset for welding?

A

Minimum 2x offset, 3x preferred

This refers to the spacing or alignment of welds

105
Q

What is the formula for calculating double hem allowance?

A

2W minus 1/16

W represents the width of the hem

106
Q

What is the groove seam allowance formula?

A

3W (1.5 for each side)

This is used to determine the space needed for the groove weld

107
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is faster and provides shallow penetration in welding.

A

DCEN

This refers to Direct Current Electrode Negative

108
Q

How is copper gauged?

A

0Z per square foot

109
Q

What is the carbon content of mild steel?

A

Low

110
Q

10 gauge metal is how thick?

A

1/8th

111
Q

16 gauge metal is?

A

1/6 thick (6 gauges is half thickness)

112
Q

What type of aluminum is most used in architectural sheet metal work?

A

Half hard

113
Q

Ferrous metals are gauged using?

A

Standard gauge

114
Q

What type of finish does most aluminum have?

A

Mill

115
Q

What are metals thicker than 1/4 called?

A

Plate

116
Q

What is the process that builds natural oxide on aluminum?

A

Anodizing

117
Q

Why is copper used for intricate work?

A

It’s very malleable

118
Q

What metal is used to strengthen steel and is chemically non-reactive?

A

Molybdenum

119
Q

What is the most commonly used screen in sheet metal shops?

A

Hardware cloth (bird screen)

120
Q

What should be in place to prevent exposure or contact with DC current when using plasma?

A

Nozzle in place and safety sensor in place

121
Q

A good rule of thumb is to choose a machine class that is how many times your cutting thickness

A

Two times

122
Q

Plasma nozzles are sized according to?

A

Amperage

123
Q

How to find Kerf compensation values?

A

Trial and error

124
Q

What is the best indicator of worn or misaligned parts in torch head?

A

Concave cut on one side and convex cut on other side

125
Q

Slow cutting speed will produce?

A

Slow - vertical lag lines

126
Q

What is the molten leftover from plasma cutting?

A

Dross

127
Q

What are the two main requirements for a plasma machine?

A

AC power and compressed air

128
Q

What views are necessary for developing on center square?

A

Just a plan view

129
Q

When would you need more than twelve point spacing in round?

A

Fitting over 12” round

130
Q

What is the first step for groove seam?

A

Not hand groover. Dress the hook material down to 4 metal thickness

131
Q

When folding for groove seam, you should always?

A

Fold slightly less than nominal size

132
Q

What device controls the motorized zone damper?

A

Central control panel

133
Q

What is the drill bit angle for mild steel?

A

118 degrees for mild steel, 130-140 degrees for stainless steel

134
Q

What method of power breaking should be used when bending stainless steel?

A

Air bending

135
Q

Can SS be soldered?

A

Yes

136
Q

Silver brazing is a form of _______.

A

Hard solder

137
Q

What settings must be adjusted before spot welding SS?

A

Increase pressure, decrease current

138
Q

Finishing SS procedure includes?

A
  • Grind
  • Sand
  • Polish
  • Buff
139
Q

What is a turning machine used for?

A

Forms pocket for wired edge

140
Q

Wiring machine is used for?

A

Turn the edge and close a wired edge pocket

141
Q

What type of stake is E?

A

Beakhorn

142
Q

What is another name for the metric system?

A

System international (SI)

The metric system is the standard system of measurement used in most countries.

143
Q

1 ton is equal to how many kilograms?

A

1000 KG

This conversion is standard for metric weight measurements.

144
Q

What is another name for a hammer lock?

A

Clinch lock

Clinch locks are often used in various mechanical applications.

145
Q

What is the difference between net and gross pattern?

A

Net is without allowance

The net pattern refers to the actual measurement without any additional allowances for seams or finishes.

146
Q

Which seam would you use to attach around the collar to a square?

A

Elbow seam

Elbow seams are commonly used in garment construction for collar attachments.

147
Q

What is the centerline radius for HVAC elbows versus blowpipe elbows?

A

1&1/2 for HVAC vs 2&1/2 with centerline blowpipe

This measurement is crucial for proper fitting in ductwork.

148
Q

Radial line PD can be described as starting from what?

A

Start from a vertex

This approach is used in drafting and design to define radial lines.

149
Q

What fittings developed from radial line?

A

Cone flashing, tall cone, tapering cones, reducer, increaser

150
Q

What is the radius on a gooseneck?

A

1/2 W

151
Q

What is the height of a gooseneck and roof ventilator?

A

18”

152
Q

What is the rain cap diameter related to?

A

2x pipe it’s attached to

153
Q

What is the gap from the rain cap to the pipe?

A

1/2 W of pipe

154
Q

What is the angle of the rain cap?

A

30 degrees

155
Q

What is the spacing between fasteners for round vs straight objects?

A

Straight will have one less - 8 fasteners

Straight objects have 7 spaces between fasteners.

156
Q

What must be in place for a brake to work at full capacity?

A

Angle bar

If the angle bar is removed, it leads to a reduction of 4 gauges.

157
Q

What must you do if your metal thickness is within 4 gauges of breaking?

A

Move nose back 2 metal thickness

This adjustment is necessary to maintain operational integrity.

158
Q

What is a trammel point?

A

Beam compass

A tool used for drawing arcs or circles.

159
Q

What is the gauge for ferrous metal?

A

Ferrous - US standard

Non-ferrous metals are measured using different standards.

160
Q

What is another name for duckbill snips?

A

Combination snips

These are used for cutting metal sheets.

161
Q

What is the best tool to transfer a pattern into sheet metal?

A

Prick punch

162
Q

Files are classified by what criteria?

A

Length, shape, cut

163
Q

When using a hand groover, it should be _______ bigger than your groove seam.

A

1/16

164
Q

What does brittleness refer to in materials?

A

Ability to withstand distortion

165
Q

What is ductility in terms of material properties?

A

Ability to withstand stretching, bending, twisting

166
Q

Define elasticity in the context of metals.

A

Tendency of metal to return to original form

167
Q

What does hardness measure in materials?

A

Ability to resist forces, resists penetration

168
Q

What is malleability?

A

Ability to withstand mechanical processing such as rolling.

169
Q

Define strength in terms of metal.

A

Amount of high steady stress metal can handle.

170
Q

What does toughness refer to?

A

Opposite of brittleness, ability to withstand impact.

171
Q

Which metal is considered the least noble?

A

Aluminum.

172
Q

Which metal is considered the most noble?

A

SS 300 series.

173
Q

What are the components of brass?

A

Copper and zinc.

174
Q

What are the components of bronze?

A

Copper and tin.

175
Q

What does MIG welding primarily use?

A

Mild steel.

176
Q

What is the polarity used in DCEP?

A

Reverse polarity.

177
Q

What is orthographic projection?

A

Taking an isometric drawing and having three sides drawn

178
Q

When would you use spray transfer type welding?

A

Mig welding aluminum, 85% argon

179
Q

What flux is used for galvanized?

A

Muriatic acid

180
Q

How do you seal a copper roof?

A

Solder

181
Q

What type of stake is used in electrical work?

A

Conductor

182
Q

What percentage of apprenticeship training is on the job?

A

80%

The remaining percentage is for theoretical or classroom training.

183
Q

What percentage of apprenticeship training is theoretical learning?

A

20%

This percentage represents the learning that occurs in a classroom or school setting.

184
Q

Who is responsible for training in designated occupations?

A

The industry

The industry is tasked with providing both on-the-job and school training.

185
Q

How many different trades and occupations are in Alberta?

A

Over 50

This number reflects the variety of trades available for apprenticeship.

186
Q

Who provides the legislative framework and administrative support for apprenticeship and industry?

A

The government of Alberta

This government body oversees the regulation and support of apprenticeship programs.

187
Q

What does AT stand for?

A

Apprenticeship and Industry Training

This is the full name of the program overseeing apprenticeship training.

188
Q

What is the role of the Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board?

A

To make recommendations to the Board about training and certification requirements and standards

This board ensures that training meets industry standards.

189
Q

Who appoints the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board?

A

The Lieutenant Governor in Council

This appointment is part of the provincial government’s responsibilities.

190
Q

Who are local and provincial apprenticeship committees made up of?

A

Members of employers and employees

These committees represent both sides of the industry in apprenticeship matters.

191
Q

What is the responsibility of the PAC?

A

To determine whether training provided by others is equivalent to training provided in an apprenticeship program

PAC stands for Provincial Apprenticeship Committee.

192
Q

What is a Local Apprenticeship Committee (LAC)?

A

A Local Apprenticeship Committee (LAC) is a group that oversees apprenticeship programs within a specific trade.

193
Q

How often does a Local Apprenticeship Committee (LAC) meet?

A

Twice a year.

194
Q

Who is responsible for monitoring the progress of apprentices?

A

The Local Apprenticeship Committee (LAC) is responsible for monitoring the progress of apprentices.

195
Q

Where can a Local Apprenticeship Committee (LAC) set up?

A

Anywhere there is activity in a trade.

196
Q

Fill in the blank: A LAC is made up of _______.

A

[employers in the trade].

197
Q

What are the responsibilities in apprenticeship training?

A

Supervisors and employers have responsibilities in apprenticeship training

These responsibilities may include providing guidance, support, and resources for apprentices.

198
Q

List 3 things the terms ‘mentoring’ and ‘coaching’ refer to in the learning journey.

A
  • Guidance
  • Support
  • Development
199
Q

List 4 elements that coaches provide.

A
  • Feedback
  • Encouragement
  • Resources
  • Structure
200
Q

What are the 4 steps in the simplified coaching method?

A
  • Identify skills
  • Demonstrate skills
  • Practice skills
  • Evaluate skills
201
Q

Fill in the blank: The coaching method involves _______ to skills.

A

[learning]

202
Q

Fill in the blank: The benefits of skills are _______.

A

[enhanced performance]

203
Q

True or False: Coaches should be unapproachable to ensure respect.

A

False

Coaches should be approachable to foster a positive learning environment.

204
Q

What should coaches avoid to prevent humiliation and intimidation?

A

Coaches should avoid negative reinforcement and condescending behavior.

205
Q

Fill in the blank: Coaches need to establish _______ in record-keeping.

A

[appropriate standards]

206
Q

What is a key characteristic of a good coach?

A

Being approachable and supportive.

207
Q

Fill in the blank: Challenging trainees helps develop _______.

A

[independence]

208
Q

What is the impact of positive feedback?

A

Increases confidence and motivation

Positive feedback can enhance a learner’s self-esteem and encourage continued effort.

209
Q

What does feedback influence in learners?

A

Confidence and motivation

Feedback plays a crucial role in shaping a learner’s self-perception and drive.

210
Q

Fill in the blank: Positive feedback leads to increased _______.

A

confidence

Confidence is a key component for effective learning.

211
Q

Fill in the blank: Positive feedback can enhance _______ in learners.

A

motivation

Motivation is essential for sustaining effort in learning activities.

212
Q

What does NOA stand for?

A

National Occupational Analysis

213
Q

What is the purpose of the NOA?

A

Identify major tasks and sub tasks for the trade and develop a general overview of the trade and the skills necessary to be successful

Austin's Sheet Metal 4th Year (9 decks)

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