Separation Techniques Flashcards
Name the 8 methods of separating mixtures
1) filtration
2) use of solvents, filtration and crystallization
3) sublimation
4) simple distillation
5) fractional distillation
6) separating funnel
7) chromatography
8) solvent extraction
What is the basis of separation for Filtration?
What is it used to separate?
difference in particle size
insoluble solid from a liquid eg. soil from water
What is the basis of separation for using solvents, filtration and crystallization?
What is it used to separate?
differences in solubility
two solids eg. sodium chloride and sand
What is the basis of separation for Sublimation?
What is it used to separate?
one solid sublimes and the other does not
two solids eg. ammonium chloride from sodium chloride
What is the basis of separation for Simple Distillation?
What is it used to separate?
widely different boiling points
solvent from solution eg. water from copper sulphate solution
What is the basis of separation for Fractional Distillation?
What is it used to separate?
small differences in boiling points
miscible liquids eg. ethanol and water
What is the basis of separation for Separation Funnel?
What is it used to separate?
immiscible liquids forming separate layers
immiscible liquids eg. oil and water
What is the basis of separation for Chromatography?
What is it used to separate?
differences in rates of migration of different solutes in a solvent due to differences in solubility
a wide range of mixtures including coloured solutions eg. pigments for ink or grass
What is the basis of separation for Solvent Extraction?
What is it used to separate?
difference in solubility in different immiscible solvents
different immiscible solvents (I guess? it wasn’t explicitly stated so this must be it)
What is Filtration?
Filtration is a method used to separate an insoluble solid which is suspended or settled from a a liquid. The components are separated due to a difference in particle size.
What happens when a mixture is filtered?
When a mixture is filtered:
- the solid that stays behind is called the residue
- the water that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate
The filter paper acts as a selective physical barrier which allows the liquid to pass through it but not the solid
Sometimes, filter beads are used to remove suspended particles from water
Examples of use of filtration
- when purifying drinking water
- motor cars using filters to remove solid dirt particles from the oil in the engine
Filtration Diagram
Check ur book I don’t have premium on this thing
What is Crystallization?
A separation method used to separate a solid that has dissolved in a liquid and made a solution.
What is the method for crystllization?
