sensory neurones, motor neurones and relay neurones

Question 1

what are stimuli?

Answer 1

changes to an organism’s internal or external environments

Question 2

what cells are stimuli detected by?

Answer 2

sensory receptor cells

Question 3

what do sensory receptor cells generate in response to a stimulus?

Answer 3

electrical impulses

Question 4

where are electrical impulses transmitted by?

Answer 4

a sensory neurone

Question 5

where are electrical impulses transmitted to?

Answer 5

the central nervous system

Question 6

what are some examples of the central nervous system?

Answer 6

the brain or spinal chord

Question 7

after reaching the central nervous system, what are electrical impulses carried by?

Answer 7

a relay neurone (in the central nervous system)

Question 8

what can relay neurones sometimes be referred to as?

Answer 8

intermediate neurones

Question 9

after the central nervous system, where are the electrical impulses transmitted to?

Answer 9

a motor neurone

Question 10

from the motor neurone, where are the electrical impulses transmitted to?

Answer 10

an effector

Question 11

what are examples of an effector?

Answer 11

muscles or glands

Question 12

what happens to the effector when reached by the electrical impulses?

Answer 12

they are triggered to carry out a response

Question 13

what is an example of a response?

Answer 13

pulling away from a hot object

Question 14

what are sensory neurones connected to?

Answer 14

sensory receptors

Question 15

what are sensory receptors connected to?

Answer 15

sensory neurones

Question 16

what do sensory receptors do?

Answer 16

they generate electrical impulses in response to a stimulus

Question 17

what does a neurones’ cell body contain?

Answer 17

nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

what are the components of a neurone’s cell body involved in?

Answer 18

(nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum) are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules

Question 19

what direction is the direction of impulse in a sensory neurone?

Answer 19

from the sensory receptors to the axon terminal

Question 20

what are the two extensions of a sensory neurone?

Answer 20

dendrons and axons

Question 21

what does a dendorn do?

Answer 21

carries electrical impulses fro the sensory receptors towards the cell body

Question 22

what are the fine branches found at the end of the dendron?

Answer 22

dendrites

Question 23

what direction are electrical impulses carried?

Answer 23

away from the cell body

Question 24

what carries the electrical impulses along the sensory neurones (/their dendrons)?

Answer 24

the axon

Question 25

how many dendron are in a sensory neurone?

Answer 25

one

Question 26

how many axon are in a sensory neurone?

Answer 26

one

Question 27

what is a myelin sheath formed by?

Answer 27

Schwann cells, which wrap around the neurone, forming many layers of plasma membrane

Question 28

what are the gaps between the Schwann cells called?

Answer 28

nodes of Ranvier

Question 29

what does the myelin sheath act as?

Answer 29

an electrical insulator

Question 30

along with the nodes of Ranvier, what does the myelin sheath do to electrical impulses?

Answer 30

speeds up the transmission

Question 31

what are neurones containing the myelin sheath called?

Answer 31

myelinated neurones

Question 32

what are neurones not containing the myelin sheath called?

Answer 32

non-myelinated neurones

Question 33

what does a motor neurone transmit?

Answer 33

impulses from the central nervous systems to effectors