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Neuro Muscular Psych Block 1 > Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs > Flashcards

Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Alprazolam

Pharmacokinetics (2), Indications (2) and Contraindications (3)

A

Intermediate half life (12-15 hours)
Fast onset

Anxiety
Panic Disorder

Acute angle glaucoma
Ketoconazole use
Itraconazole use

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2
Q

Midazolam

Pharmacokinetics (1) Indication, Black Box Warning

A

Short half life

Given IV or IM for pre-op sedation or anxiolysis

Respiratory depression or arrest especially in noncritical are settings

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3
Q

Diazepam

Pharmacokinetics (2) Metabolite, Indications (2) Contraindications (6)

A

Long half life (100 hours)
Very fast onset

N-desmethyldiazepam (active)

Anxiety
Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

< 6 years old
Myasthenia gravis
Respiratory insufficiency
Cirrhosis/Liver Insufficiency
Sleep apnea
Acute angle glaucoma
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4
Q

Oxazapam

Pharmacokinetics (2) and Indications (3)

A

Intermediate half life
Slow onset

Anxiety
Anxiety with depression
Acute alcohol withdrawal

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5
Q

Triazolam

Pharmacokinetics (2), Indication, Black Box Warning

A

Short half life
Intermediate onset

Short term relief of insomnia (7-10 days)

Use with opioids causes respiratory depression, coma and death

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6
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

Pharmacokinetics (2) Indications (3) and Black Box Warning

A

Long half life
Intermediate onset

Anxiety
Alcohol withdrawal
Pre-Op anxiety

Use with opioids causes respiratory depression, coma and death

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7
Q

Flurazepam

Pharmacokinetics (2) and Indication

A

Long half life
Fast onset

Short term relief of insomnia

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8
Q

Lorazepam

Pharmacokinetics (2) and Indications (3)

A

Intermediate half life
Intermediate onset

Seizures
Epilepsy
Pre-Op

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9
Q

Benzodiazepine Pharmacokinetics

Short Acting Drugs (5) and Long Acting Drugs (3)

A 
Midazolam
Oxazepam
Alprazolam
Temazepam
Triazolam

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

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10
Q

Flumazenil

Mechanism of Action, Indications (2) and Black Box Warning

A

Competitive antagonist of Benzodiazepine receptors

Reverse sedation via anesthesia
Treat benzodiazepine overdose

Seizures possible especially with long term sedation or patient overdose

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11
Q

Barbiturates (“tal” drugs)

Indications (5)

A 
Extreme insomnia
Refractory seizures
Tension headaches
Counteract stimulant drugs
Anesthesia
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12
Q

Thiopental

Administration, Pharmacokinetics, Indications (4) Side Effects (3)

A

IV only

Ultra short acting

Brief surgical procedures
Balanced anesthesia
Convulsions
Increased ICP

Respiratory depression
Myocardial depression
Arrhythmias

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13
Q

Secobarbital

Pharmacokinetics, Indications (2), Contraindications (3)

A

Short acting

Short term insomnia relief
Pre anesthetic

Porphyria
Liver failure
Obstructive lung disease

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14
Q

Phenobarbital

Pharmacokinetics, Indications (2) Contraindication, Side Effects (2)

A

Long acting

Sedation/Hypnosis
Seizures

Porhpyria

Exacerbates depression and suicidality
Strongly induces CYP450**

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15
Q

Buspirone

Indication, Timeline, Pertinent Negatives (5), Metabolism

A

Anxiety

Takes over a week for response

Does not cause:
Sedation, hypnosis, muscle relaxation, euphoria, anticonvulsive effects

CYP3A4 metabolized

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16
Q

Zaleplon

Mechanism of Action, Indication

A

acts on GABA-BZ receptor complex (GABAa)

Short term insomnia treatment

17
Q

Zolpidem

Pharmacokinetics, Indication, Interactions (2), Side Effects (2)

A

Biphasic release formula

Relief of insomnia (up to 35 days)

CNS depressants
Alcohol has additive effect on psychomotor impairment

Worsens depression and suicidality

18
Q

Ramelteon

Mechanism of Action, Indication, Metabolism

A

Full agonist of MT1/MT2 receptors

Treatment of insomnia with difficulty with sleep onset

CYP1A2 metabolized

19
Q

Eszopiclone

Indication, Side Effects (8) Contraindications (5)

A

Insomnia

Unpleasant taste
Headaches
Respiratory infections
Dizzy
Dry mouth
Rash
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Use with alcohol
Liver failure
Impaired respiratory function
Impaired drug metabolism
Clotting conditions
20
Q

Meprobamate

Mechanism of Action and Use

A

Slows brain for anxiety treatment

21
Q

Chloral Hydrate Uses (2)

A

Sedative for sleep

Alcohol withdrawal

Neuro Muscular Psych Block 1 (7 decks)

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