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History 1310 Final > Section 4 Review > Flashcards

Section 4 Review Flashcards

Notes from the in person review!

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1
Q

The Whig Party

A

-1830s from Jackson-censure Senators (jackson haters form the whig party)
-(National Republicans, anti-masons, and ex-Federalists)
-Every party that emerges comes from the ruins of the other ones
- Conservative: supported nat bank, internal improvements, against the spread of slavery

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2
Q

The Second Great Awakening: Revivalists

A

-Charles Grandison Finney
- the protestant movement = unifying moral order, new sense of spiritual community for Americans
-Protestants thought you’re saved or not
- Self reliant road to salvation
- Abolitionism
- Temperance (abstinence from Alcohol)

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3
Q

The Telegraph

A

Samuel Morse: before him, news and info could only go at the speed of a horse
Morse Telegraph: gets gov support and invents telegraph

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4
Q

Presidential overview: Antebellum Presidents

A

Know Presidential Names and Parties

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5
Q

Whig

A

William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
Zachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore

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6
Q

Democrat

A

James K Polk
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan

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7
Q

How many elections do the whigs win?

A

3/11

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8
Q

Why did Mexico want American settlers?

A

Comanche Empire to protect them against the Indians

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9
Q

American Settlement in Texas
Original Settlers

A

Original settlers, later arrivals: later arrivals were waiting to be a part of America, the originals didn’t obey law

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10
Q

Why did Texans revolt?

A

Culture clash: catholic vs protestant
Catholic: past matters
Protestants: future matters

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11
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

God’s plan for America: white protestants
The Empire of Liberty
The destined use of the soil: agriculture to produce wealth and food
Racial anglo-saxonism: germanic tribe, came into england and send irish back to ireland
God himself has picked us to do this, our right to possess the continent

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12
Q

James Polk and Texas

A

Polk on Oregon and Texas
polks big achievement: getting texas if he gets cali oregon and texas
Clay and the question of expansion: he answers differently in diff places and patronizes

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13
Q

**Polks Agenda

A

exas at the Rio Grande
All of Oregon
California is the key
A. fears of British
B. ports on the Pacific, ports of San Diego, San Fransico, and Seattle to trade on the Far East.
The problem of New Mexico is his perception

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14
Q

John Slidell’s Mission

A

To buy the West, offers $25 million for New Mexico, California, and Rio Grand boundary
Why he failed: no one talks to him
Caught talking to him? Because “you’re a traitor to Mexico if you do”
Polk compromises on Oregon
President Paredes Mexico claims the Sabine (border to Louisiana), had all of texas

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15
Q

Mexican American War: Why Mexico Lost

A

Don’t identify with their nation as Americans do: identify with community and family
The realities of Mexican nationalism/US easily occupies territory with little opposition
The nature of mexican army: impress locals, not full with volunteers and forced into service
Mexican arms and technology/relationship to credit

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16
Q

Why the US won

A

-Competent regular army
-Enthusiastic volunteers
-Domestic manufacturing base for arms
-Navy: could sail soldiers to Mexican coast
-Financial stability

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17
Q

The Slave Question

A

-Missouri Compromise, 1820: was supposed to solve slavery, drew line across louisiana purchase
-Jackson and Van Buren avoid question (slavery) by refusing to annex texas
-1845: Texas comes in as a slave state

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18
Q

Missouri Compromise line

A

above arkansas tennessee and north carolina

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19
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

-Turning Point Number 1 of 4 toward Civil War: no longer does party matter, section matters
-1846 proposes any new territory acquired be free of slavery
-Passes the House with a northern majority
-In House, votes are on sectional lines, not party lines
-Senate blocks: because each state has a vote and two senators
-Southerners see all this insulting
-Free Soil Movement

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20
Q

Territories Question

A

The battle now emerges over who will control slavery in the territories
Free soilers oppose the expansion of slavery
Southerners see slavery as natural/opposition to it as an attack on Southern culture

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21
Q

Four Positions on Slavery

A

Pro Slavery:
Popular sovereignty: should be up to the people, voice of the people, didn’t really work
Free Soilers: don’t want it to spread
Abolitionists: want slavery to go away completely bc they think its wrong

22
Q

Pro Slavery

A

Slavery as a “positive good - John Calhoun
“Blacks being slaves ia natural and normal condition
Slavery “commanded by god” - James Henry Hammond
He argues that slavery is a will of god

23
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

New states were allowed to determine for themselves if they were free or slave state
Response by senator Lewis Cass to Wilmot Proviso
Kansas Nebraska Act
Stephan A Douglass- argues that slavery has its natural limits

24
Q

Free Soilers

A

New territories are slave free
Free soil will not have free labor and the republic
Slave power is the power slave owners have
Slave power is the power slave owners have
Slavery is not the problem, the effects of slavery are the problem,
Free soilers are not going to ban slavery, leave the South alone!
(abe lincoln was one)

25
Q

Abolitionist

A

John Brown wanted to take slavery away
They believe that slavery is evil and offense to god
Consequences do not matter, immediate action required
This was an extreme minority view
What did they believe about race? They believed that blacks will have their place in the world but not in slavery, not equal but shouldn’t be enslaved

26
Q

American Slavery

A

Underground railroad was a term for a system that assisted runaway slaves
Up until 1850
Masters, slaves, and profit
“Benevolent slave owner”: no slave owner was good, they worked their slaves to maximize profit, seen as machines

27
Q

The Sectional Crisis
Compromise of 1850 Turning Point 6

A

California admitted as a free state
Slave trade abolished in Washington DC- not slavery
Popular sovereignty in remaining Mexican Cession territories: included in bills organizing new Mexico territories

28
Q

**Fugitive Slave Law; Reaction in the North:

A

heated reaction, by fed law that runaway slaves must be returned to the owners if fed marshall needs a posse to pursue them you must help (makes North actively participate)

29
Q

Fugitive Slave Law

A

Took away all rights, mistaken identity happened all over the place

30
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

A

Turning point #2
Stephan Douglas and his railroad
Kansas and Nebraska territories: important to this railroad, he (Douglas) handily draws a line and makes Kansas Territory
Popular sovereignty in new territories
Overturns Missouri Compromise line: ensured to northerners a majority in the senate slave power is going to be outmanned, north loses its mind
Emergence of the Republican Party: ruins of Whig Party, free soilers, and anti-slavery northern democrats, the same republican party of today

31
Q

The Republican Party

A

1850s
From former Whigs and Northern (antislavery) Democrats
1856: California Senator John Fremont
First republican nominee for president in the US
Lost due to Know Nothing Party splitting votes

32
Q

Know Nothing party

A

Nativist movement

33
Q

John Brown’s Raid

A

Turning point #3, October 16, 1859: what he says afterword
Brown captures the Federal Armory at Harper Ferry, VA
Brown remains for two days
Brown talks after being captured
Hanged December 2, 1859
Response in the South was terror, there was going to be a slave revolt any minute

34
Q

Turning Point #4: Election of 1860

A

4 candidates
The democrats split- Brekinridge (south), Douglas (North)
Lincoln not on ballot in the South
Lincoln 39.6%
What does this tell you about the 60%? They have no problem with slavery
The view in the South

35
Q

Southern Succession

A

Why? Expect they’re going to get help from England, they have seceded but not started a war.

Can’t tell free soilers from abolitionists

effect of john brown

36
Q

The Civil War

A

Lincoln’s Plans in 1861: explain what the difference was with being a Free Soiler, reunify the union

Hopes to reassure the South - Why he fails: if you don’t agree with slavery ur out of the question

37
Q

The First “Modern War”

A

Army vs Army… Society vs Society: do whatever it takes for our side to win
Technology
War correspondents and photographers

38
Q

Preparing for a Long War

A

Lincoln and McClellan thought this war would not last long
Battle of Bull Run (Northern Virginia): Confederate troops surprise the union army by forcing spectators to retreat
Battle of Antietam (Maryland, close to DC): 5,000 dead and 18,000 wounded in 7 hours, bloodiest day in US history

39
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation

A

Free slaves only in rebellion, it was not a humanitarian move it was a military gesture
Impact: South found itself with a great asset
Black soldiers were critical to the success to the North
**not a civil rights act but done to weaken confederacy

40
Q

The Gettysburg Adress

A

“That government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
Message: this country will stay together

41
Q

The War Was About Slavery!

A

Patrick Cleburne’s Letter: writes to Davis saying north has black soldiers and everywhere they go they turn our slaves to workers or soldiers, wants to use slaves as confederate soldiers
Jefferson Davis’s Response: ignores the letter
Why significant? Slavery, how dare you take away our slaves, slavery will remain the same as it is, proof that the war was about slavery and its preservation

42
Q

The Union Victory

A

1863 turning point for the Union (Battles of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and Vicksburg Mississippi)

43
Q

The Civil War

A

-General grants plan: The South will unconditionally surrender and we have more power than them
-Sherman takes Atlanta
-Public opinion changes: after shermans georgia campaign
-Lincoln defeats McClellan

44
Q

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

A

Gets reelected
Slave power is somehow the cause of the war he said: slave power is the cause of the war

45
Q

Post War Questions

A

Harsh or lenient treatment of South? Radical rep wanted harsh treatment, wanted leader punished (thrown in jail),andrew johnson now president (is from the south but loyal to the north) so he wants lenient treatment, very lenient
Planter Aristocracy restored? Not initially but by 1870 something they are

46
Q

How would the country change economically after aboltion?

A

How would the country change economically?
North dominates nations economy
Civil war proves to be spark of American Industrial Revolution

47
Q

What did freedom really mean for black slaves?

A

The Freedman’s bureau was an attempt to provide legal health and jobs but many states had black codes that would prevent black people from moving freely in society (no property etc)
Freedom didn’t mean a lot, couldn’t be sold but could move to the north

47
Q

Effects of the War

A

-“The women’s Sphere” thrust into critical wartime services (nurses, administrators) in the South they’re managing plantations, more philanthropic reform movements/orgs done by women
-Building and sustaining black communities
-Federal government over states
-We see a true nation-state with an effective federal government
-Northern capitalists and industrialists over Southern planters: sense of progress that comes from the north
-Individualistic society of small producers to -“incorporated” highly organized America
Labor

48
Q

The “Lost Cause” View

A

“Heroic and not centered on slavery” idealized South as grace and were indulgent of their cheerful slaves and the great courage that South showed
The Civil War was not about slavery
The South fought valiantly and with great honor: north fought dirty
The North only won due to its extreme advantage in men and material
Robert E. Lee was the greatest military leader in history (military leaders seen as saints)

49
Q

Turning points that stated civil war (in order)

A
  1. Wilmot Proviso
  2. Kansas Nebraska Act
  3. John Brown’s raid
  4. Election of 1860

History 1310 Final (2 decks)

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