Section 15: Genetics

Question 1

Where is genetic material found?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Describe the structure of DNA.

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

What is a gene and what is its function?

Answer 3

A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 4

What is the Human Genome Project?

Answer 4

Mapping of all the genes in a human

Question 5

State 3 ways in which understanding the Human Genome Project is important.

Answer 5

To search for genes linked to different types of disease

To understand and treat inherited disorders

To trace early human migration patterns

Question 6

Where does protein synthesis happen in a cell?

Answer 6

Ribosome

Question 7

What is a change in the sequence of DNA called?

Answer 7

Mutation

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

A version of a gene

Question 9

What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allele?

Answer 9

Dominant - The individual only needs one copy of this allele for its phenotype to be seen

Recessive - The individual needs two copies of this allele for its phenotype to be seen

Question 10

What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?

Answer 10

Homozygous - The individual has two identical alleles for this gene

Heterozygous - The individual has two different alleles for this gene

Question 11

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 11

Genotype - The genetic makeup of an organism for a particular gene (e.g. RR)

Phenotype - The displayed characteristics due to the interactions between alleles (e.g. red flowers)

Question 12

What are the genotypes for a a) male and b) female?

Answer 12

Male XY, female XX