Section 1 Tectonics (Kahoot/Brainscape)

Question 1

What are the 3 causes for tectonic plates moving?

Answer 1

1. Convection Currents
2. Slab Pull
3. Ridge Push

Question 2

How do convection currents occur?

Answer 2

The hot core causes magma to rise and the mantle to sink. Convection creates pressure and carries the plates with it

Question 3

How does slab pull work?

Answer 3

The denser plate (oceanic crust) sink back into the mantle under the influence of gravity, pulling the rest of the plate behind. (Goes under another plate)

Question 4

How does ridge push work?

Answer 4

Magma rises as the plates move apart, the magma then cools forming a new plate, as it cools it pushes the two plates further apart.

Question 5

Give 3 examples of a geological hazard?

Answer 5

earthquake
volcano
land slides

Question 6

Give 3 examples of an atmospheric hazard?

Answer 6

tornado
hurricane
blizzard

Question 7

Give 3 examples of a biological hazard?

Answer 7

viruses
parasites
pandemics

Question 8

Give 3 examples of a water-based hazard?

Answer 8

tsunami
floods
storm surge

Question 9

Give 3 factors affecting a hazard risk?

Answer 9

Frequency (how many times hazard occurs or when)
Population distribution/density (how many people are in 1 place)
Level of Health/Wealth (HICs can better prepare for hazards)

Question 10

Give the name of all the layers of the earth?

Answer 10

Core –> 5500c , Nickel + Iron
Outer Core –> 5500c
Mantle –> 3000km thick
Crust –> 2-60km thick

Question 11

What is the upper mantle and crust also known as?

Answer 11

Lithosphere

Question 12

Give the definition of primary effects?

Answer 12

Immediate impact from tectonic hazard

Question 13

Give the definition of secondary effects?

Answer 13

The consequence of the primary effect (reaction)

Question 14

Give a list of primary effects? (5 effects)

Answer 14

• People are injured or killed by building or hazard itself
• Building and bridges collapse and homes are destroyed
• Roads, railways, ports and airports are damaged
• Earthquakes can trigger landslides & tsunamis which can
  kill people and destroy buildings
• Infrastructure such as water, gas and electricity cables are
  broken cutting off supplies

Question 15

Give a list of secondary effects? (5 effects)

Answer 15

• People are left homeless and can die from exposure
• Leaking gas can start fires
• Lack of clean water and sanitation can lead to spread of
  disease
• Repairs and reconstruction can cost governments large
  sums of money damaging the economy
• Tourists can be put off area lowering economy further ifa
  country relies on tourism

Question 16

What is the tectonic hazards case study?
(Volcano)

Answer 16

Eyjafjallajokul, Iceland, South of Iceland

Question 17

List 3 primary effects caused by Eyjafjallajokul?

Answer 17

• Ash cloud covered everything spreading through the wind
  reaching 6 - 10,000m high, effecting animals and vehicles
• 150m thick ice sheet melted
• tons of ash steam plumes into air from melting ice

Question 18

List 3 secondary effects caused by Eyjafjallajokul?

Answer 18

• UK air travel is disrupted with 95,000 flights cancelled
• London lost tourism (£102mill)
• Hotels in London lost 25% of occupancy

Question 19

What are the 2 earthquake case studies?
(Dates and Place)

Answer 19

Gorkha - Nepal (2015)
L’Aquila - Italy (2009)

Question 20

State 4 facts about the earthquake in Gorkha - Nepal (2015)?

Answer 20

8,841 dead
7.4 magnitude
1 million left homeless
Epicentre 81 km from capital city

Question 21

State 4 facts about the earthquake in L’Aquila - Italy (2009)?

Answer 21

308 dead
676,500 homeless
6.3 magnitude
Happened in the morning at 3:30am

Question 22

State 3 similarities between Italy and Nepal’s Earthquakes?

Answer 22

Both helped by red cross charity
Both had temporary shelters made
Both places has important building demolished