SDL-6 Myelin Disorders

Question 1

Multiple sclerosis is more common in (males/females) with a __:__ male-female ratio.

Answer 1

Females

Male:Female = 1:2

Question 2

Multiple sclerosis is caused by the _________________________________.

Answer 2

Autoimmune destruction of myelin via CD 4+ and 8+ T cells.

Question 3

The most common areas of incidence in the body for multiple sclerosis are:

Answer 3

I. Optic nerve
II. Spinal cord
III. Brain stem

Question 4

Multiple sclerosis occurring in the optic nerve may cause ____________.

Answer 4

Unilateral visual impairment

Question 5

Multiple sclerosis occurring in the spinal cord may cause:

Answer 5

I. Motor/sensory impairment

II. Bladder control problems

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis occurring in the brain stem may cause:

Answer 6

I. Cranial nerve deficits

II. Ataxia

Question 7

Increased immunoglobulins may be detected in cases of MS by the presence of a(n) ______________________ in electrophoresis of patient plasma or CSF.

Answer 7

Oligoclonal band

Question 8

Acute and fulminant onset, followed by death in 1-6 months describes (Balo/Shilder/Marburg) multiple sclerosis.

Answer 8

Marburg

Question 9

Presentation of concentric sclerosis and a life expectancy of two years describes (Balo/Shilder/Marburg) multiple sclerosis.

Answer 9

Balo

Question 10

Large plaques greater than 2-3 cm and commonly occurring in children describes (Balo/Shilder/Marburg) multiple sclerosis.

Answer 10

Shilder

Question 11

The disease in which autoantibodies are produced against aquaporin receptors, commonly involving the optic nerve and spinal cord and causing synchronous blindness and paraplegia, is known as _____________.

Answer 11

Devic’s disease (neuromyelitis optica)

Question 12

_________________ is a demyelinating disease that occurs acutely, is monophasic, and affects both children and adults. It causes headache, lethargy, and may progress to coma. It has a very fast progression of symptoms and has been shown to cause death in 20% of its cases.

Answer 12

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Question 13

_____________ is a demyelinating disease that commonly occurs by bacterial infection following a urinary tract infection. Occurs in children and adults.

Answer 13

Acute Necrotizing Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis (ANHE)

Question 14

_____________ is a demyelinating disease that occurs following rapid correction of electrolyte imbalance. The rapid correction most commonly leads to osmotic demyelination of neurons in the pons and internal capsule.

Answer 14

Central Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis (CPM)

Question 15

The most common demyelinating disorder(s) is(are) (multiple sclerosis/leukodystrophies/acute disseminated encephalomyelitis).

Answer 15

Multiple sclerosi