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EXAM 8th Grade > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Predicting

A

Making an inference about a future event based on current or past evidence

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2
Q

Inferring

A

An interpretation based on observing and prior knowledge

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3
Q

Classifying

A

Grouping alike items together

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4
Q

Making models

A

Helps people understand things that they cannot observe directly

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5
Q

Communicating

A

Process of sharing ideas and info with others

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6
Q

Scientific question

A

One that is answered by gathered info

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7
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible explanation for a set of observations or answers to a scientific question
If A then B

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8
Q

Variable

A

Any factor that you can change in an experiment

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9
Q

Manipulated variable

A

Variable that is changed

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10
Q

Responding variable

A

Factor that is changed from the manipulated variable

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11
Q

Controlled experiment

A

All factors except one are kept constant

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12
Q

Operational definition

A

A statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or how a term is to be defined

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13
Q

Astronomy

A

The study of the moon, star, and space

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14
Q

Axis

A

Imaginary lines that pass through the earths center and north and south poles

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15
Q

Revolution

A

The movement of one object around another

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16
Q

Orbit

A

Path that revolves around the sun

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17
Q

Solstice

A

A day when the sun is furthest north or south of the equator

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18
Q

Equinox

A

The 2 days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun

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19
Q

Gravity

A

A force that moves rocks and other materials downhill force that pulls objects towards each other

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20
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in an object

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21
Q

Weight

A

The force of gravity on an object

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22
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

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23
Q

Phases

A

Different shapes of the moon seen from earth

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24
Q

Eclipse

A

When objects in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on a shadow

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25
Q

Lunar eclipse

A

Earth is directly between moon and sun

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26
Q

Tides

A

Rise and fall of ocean water that occurs every 12.5 hours

Tides are caused by differences in how much the moons gravity pulls on different parts of the earth

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27
Q

Spring tide

A

When the sun and moon are aligned with the earth at the new and full moon

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28
Q

Neap tide

A

When the sun and moon are at a 90 degree angle to each other at the 1 st and 3rd of moon

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29
Q

Telescope

A

A device built to observe distant by making them appear closer

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30
Q

Maria

A

Dark flat surfaces on the moon formed by lava

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31
Q

Craters

A

Large round pits on the moon

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32
Q

Rocket

A

A device that expels gas in 1 direction to move it in the opposite direction

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33
Q

Thrust

A

The reaction force that propels a rocket forward

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34
Q

Velocity

A

Speed in a given direction

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35
Q

Observing

A

Using one or more of your senses together info about the world

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36
Q

Bruh

A

Observed position of stars and planets

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37
Q

Comet

A

Long narrow orbits around the sun

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38
Q

Saturn

A

The ringed planed if you liked it then you should have put a ring on it

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39
Q

Neptune

A

Blue planet seems to be shrinking

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40
Q

Coma

A

Fuzzy outer layer of comet

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41
Q

Asteroid belt

A

A region between mars and Jupiter asteroids are found

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42
Q

Meteor

A

Streak of heat and light in the sky

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43
Q

Oort Cloud

A

A region of comets that surround the solar system

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44
Q

Parallax

A

Apparent change in position when looked at different angles

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45
Q

Main sequence

A

Includes the middle section of stars on the hr diagram

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46
Q

Apparent brightness

A

Seen from earth

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47
Q

Spectrograph

A

A divide that brakes light into colors and produces a spectrum

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48
Q

Wave length

A

The horizontal distance between the crest of one wave and the next

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49
Q

Visible light

A

Electromagnetic radiation you can see

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50
Q

Spectrum

A

The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

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51
Q

Plain

A

A landform with high elevation and high relief

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52
Q

Rotation

A

The spinning of the earth on its axis

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53
Q

How does the earth move

A

Through space by rotating and revolving

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54
Q

Law of universal gravitation

A

Every object attracts every other object

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55
Q

Gravity between two objects depends on two factors

A

The mass of the objects
And
The distance between them

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56
Q

Why does the earth have seasons

A

Because it’s axis is tiltedand it revolves around the sun

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57
Q

Newtons first law of motion

A

And object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction

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58
Q

Concluded that two factors in gravity in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around the earth

A

More mass =more inertia

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59
Q

The change in relative positions of the moon earth and the sun cause

A

The phases of the moon eclipse and tides

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60
Q

The phase of the moon you see depends on

A

How much of the sunlit side of the moon faces year

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61
Q

When the Moonshadow hits the earth the moon

A

And eclipse occurs

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62
Q

A solar eclipse occurs when

A

The moon phase directly between the earth and the sun blocking sunlight from the earth

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63
Q

Penumbra

A

Part of the shadow surrounding the darkest part

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64
Q

During a lunar eclipse

A

The earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon

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65
Q

Geocentric

A

Earth centered model (Ptolemy)

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66
Q

Heliocentric

A

Sun centered model

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67
Q

Copernicus

A

Was able to work out the arrangement of the known planets and how they move around the sun

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68
Q

Galileo

A

Use the newly invented the telescope to make discoveries that support the heliocentric model (sun centered)

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69
Q

Ellipse

A

And oval shape which could be circular

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70
Q

Kepler found

A

The orbit is an ellipse

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71
Q

The solar system has

A

9 planets
Moons
Sun
And several times of smaller objects that revolve around the sun

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72
Q

Copernicus

A

Order of planets

Perfect circles

73
Q

Galileo

A

Observations in telescope

74
Q

Brahe

A

Observed positions

75
Q

Kepler did

A

Used Brahes work and determined that orbits are elliptical

76
Q

The sun

A

See flow chart study

77
Q

Sun interior

A

Core
Convection zone
Radiation zone

78
Q

Sun atmosphere

A

Corona
Chromosphere
Photosphere

79
Q

Telescope

A

A device that makes distant objects in the sky more clearly

80
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

Energy that travels through space in forms of waves

81
Q

Spectrum

A

The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

82
Q

Optical telescopes

A

Uses lenses for mirrors to collect and focus visible light

83
Q

Refracting Telescopes

A

Uses convex lenses together and focus light

84
Q

Convex lenses

A

Class curved The middle is thicker than the edges

85
Q

Reflecting telescope

A

Uses curved mirror to collect in focus light

86
Q

Radio telescope

A

Devices used to detect radio waves from objects in space

87
Q

Constellations

A

An imaginary pattern of stars

88
Q

Absolute brightness

A

Would be a standard distance from earth

89
Q

Light year

A

Distance light travels in a year

90
Q

HR diagram

A

A gram relating the surface temps absolute brightness of stars

91
Q

Meteoroids

A

Chunks of rock or dust from space

92
Q

Materialistic Theory

A

a planet sized object collided with earth to form the moon

93
Q

What are conditions on the moon compared to earth?

A

The moon is dry and airless compared to the earth, the moon is small and has large variations in its surface temps.

94
Q

How does a rocket move forward?

A

A rocket moves forward when gasses shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction

95
Q

Orbital Velocity

A

the velocity a rocket must achieve to establish an orbit in space

96
Q

Escape Velocity

A

the velocity a rocket must achieve to fly beyond a planet’s moon’s gravitational pull

97
Q

What is the advantage of a multi-stage rocket?

A

The advantage is that the total weight of the rocket is greatly reduced as it rises

98
Q

Satellite

A

an object that revolves around another

99
Q

What was the American effort to land a man on the moon called?

A

The Apollo Program

100
Q

Space Shuttle

A

a spacecraft that can carry a crew into space, return 2 earth, & be reused for another purpose.

101
Q

Space Station

A

A large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods

102
Q

Space Probes

A

A spacecraft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data, but has no human crew

103
Q

Rovers

A

small robots that move on surfaces

104
Q

Mercator + Square Grid

A

size distortion near poles

105
Q

Equal area + Size isn’t distorted

A

shape is distorted near the edges

106
Q

Conic + Proper shape and size

A

only map a small area

107
Q

Surveying

A

process of gathering info to determine distance and elevation

108
Q

Digitizing

A

converting info int #’s for computers

109
Q

Satellite images

A

pictures of lands surface based on computer data collected form satellites

110
Q

Pixels

A

the tiny dots in a satellite image

111
Q

Global positioning system

A

a method of finding longitude and latitude using a network satellite

112
Q

Topographic Map

A

a map showing the surface features of an area

113
Q

Contour Line

A

a line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation

114
Q

Index Contours

A

labeled with elevation in round units

115
Q

Relief

A

the difference of elevation btwn the highest and lowest parts of an area

116
Q

Landform

A

a feature of topography

117
Q

Plain

A

a land form with low elevation and low relief

118
Q

Mountain

A

a landform with high elevation and high relief

119
Q

Mountain Range

A

a group of mountains that are closely related in shape

120
Q

Platuau

A

landform with high elevation and low relief

121
Q

Map

A

a flat model of all or part of Earth’s surface as seen from above

122
Q

Globe

A

a sphere that represents Earth’s surface

123
Q

Scale

A

used to compare distance on a map or globe to distance on Earth’s surface

124
Q

Symbols

A

shapes and pictures to stand for features

125
Q

Key

A

a list of all the symbols and what they mean

126
Q

Degree

A

a unit used to measure around the globe

127
Q

Hemisphere

A

1/2 of the sphere

128
Q

Equator

A

forms an imaginary line to divide the hemispheres

129
Q

Prime Meridian

A

North Pole to South Pole

130
Q

Latitude

A

distance in degrees north/south of the equator

131
Q

Longitude

A

distance in degrees north/south of the prime meridian

132
Q

Map Projections

A

a framework of lines that help in transferring a point on Earth’s surface

133
Q

Nebula

A

a large cloud of dust and gas in space

134
Q

Pro-star

A

a contracting cloud of dust and gas with enough mass to form a star

135
Q

White Dwarf

A

left behind after its outer layers have expanded and drifted into space

136
Q

Super Nova

A

Explosion of a dying Super Nova

137
Q

Neutron Star

A

remains of a high mass star after a supernova

138
Q

Pulsar

A

a spinning neutron star that produces radio waves

139
Q

Binary Stars

A

a star system with 2 stars

140
Q

Eclipsing Binary

A

a binary star system in which one star periodically blocks light another

141
Q

Open Clusters

A

has loose, disorganized appearances and contains no more than 1000 stars

142
Q

Globular Clusters

A

a large round densely packed grouping of older stars

143
Q

Spiral Galaxy

A

includes the milky way/ pinwheel shaped

144
Q

Elliptical Galaxy

A

round flattened ball / contains older stars

145
Q

Irregular Galaxy

A

Does not have a regular shape

146
Q

Quasars

A

bright, distant galaxy with a giant black hole in its center

147
Q

Universe

A

all of space and everything in it

148
Q

Topography

A

the shape of land

149
Q

Elevation

A

height above sea level

150
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

trapping heat by the atmosphere

151
Q

Mercury

A

closest planet to the sun/ no atmosphere

152
Q

Venus

A

most similar to Earth/ thick atmosphere greenhouse effect

153
Q

Earth

A

70% water / living organisms

154
Q

Mars

A

has seasons / maybe water???

155
Q

Ring

A

a thin disk of smaller particles ice and rock

156
Q

Jupiter

A

largest and most massive / Thick; Great red spot (storm) / moons 4: Io, Ganymede, Calisto, Europa

157
Q

Saturn

A

the ring planet / if you like it then you should have put a ring on it! lol

158
Q

Uranus

A

rotates on its side/ Traces of Methane

159
Q

Neptune

A

Blue planet/ seems to be shrinking

160
Q

Pluto

A

dwarf planet, moon almost the same size

161
Q

Comet

A

long, narrow orbits of the sun; rocks

162
Q

Coma

A

fuzzy outer layer of a comet

163
Q

Oort Cloud

A

a region of comets that surround the solar system

164
Q

Asteroid

A

rocky objects around the sun. but too small to be planers

165
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

a region btwn mars and Jupiter asteroids are found

166
Q

Meteor

A

streak of heat and light in the sky

167
Q

Operational Definition

A

a statement that describes how a particular variable is to be measured or how a term is to be defined

168
Q

Controlled Experiment

A

all factors except one are kept constant

169
Q

Responding Variable

A

factor that changes from the MV

170
Q

Manipulated Variable

A

Variable that is changed

171
Q

Variable

A

any factor that you can change in an experiment

172
Q

Hypothesis

A

a possible explanation for a set of observations or answers to a scientific question

173
Q

Scientific Question

A

one that is answered by gathered info

174
Q

Communicating

A

process of sharing ideas and info with others

175
Q

Making Models

A

helps people understand things that they cannot observe directly

176
Q

Classifying

A

grouping alike items together

177
Q

Inferring

Combine Evidence and Knowledge

A

an interpretation based on observing and prior knowledge

Not a fact, but a possibility

178
Q

Predicting

May Prove to be False

A

making an inference about a future event based in current or past evidence
test predictions by making expiriments

179
Q

Observing

Must be accurate

A

using 1 or more of your senses to gather info about the world
data is observations collected

EXAM 8th Grade (5 decks)

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