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Week 13 Vocab > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the base unit for mass?

A

grams

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2
Q

What is the base unit for volume?

A

liters

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3
Q

What is the base unit for length?

A

meters

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4
Q

What is mass?

A

the amount of matter in an object

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5
Q

Describe how mass affects inertia

A

more mass, more inertia

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6
Q

Describe how mass affects acceleration

A

increased mass, decreased acceleration

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7
Q

Describe how mass affects kinetic energy

A

more mass, more kinetic energy

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8
Q

Describe how mass affects potential energy

A

more mass, more potential energy

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9
Q

Describe how mass affects momentum

A

more mass, more momentum

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10
Q

Describe how mass affects gravity

A

more mass, more gravity

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11
Q

Which instruments would you use to find mass?

A

electronic balance, double pan balance, triple beam balance

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12
Q

Which instruments would you use to find volume?

A

graduated cylinder, volume of solids, volume of irregular solids

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13
Q

What instruments would you use to find length?

A

meter stick, trundle wheel, tape measure

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14
Q

How do you find the volume of a regular shaped object (like a box)?

A

volume = length x width x height

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15
Q

How do you find the volume of a irregular shaped object (like a rock)?

A

water displacement

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16
Q

Define kilo and include its abbreviation

A

kilo - 1,000 (k)

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17
Q

Define hecto and include its abbreviation

A

hecto - 100 (h)

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18
Q

Define deca and include its abbreviation

A

deca - 10 (da)

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19
Q

Define deci and include its abbreviation

A

deci - 0.1 (d)

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20
Q

Define centi and include its abbreviation

A

centi - 0.01 (c)

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21
Q

Define milli and include its abbreviation

A

milli - 0.001 (m)

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22
Q

Which way do you move the decimal to go from a larger unit to a smaller unit?

A

right

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23
Q

Which way do you move the decimal to go from a smaller unit to a larger unit?

A

left

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24
Q

What is a variable in a science experiment?

A

something that can change in an experiment

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25
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

variable changed to see if/how it affects the dependent variable

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26
Q

On which axis would you graph the IV?

A

x-axis

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27
Q

How many IVs should an experiment have at one time?

A

1

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28
Q

Hypothesis: IF mass is increased THEN gravitational force will also increase.

What is the IV in the hypothesis above?

A

if mass is increased

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29
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

variable that is affected as a result of the independent variable. what is being measured

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30
Q

On which axis would you graph the DV?

A

y-axis

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31
Q

Hypothesis: IF distance is increased THEN gravitational force will decrease.

What is the DV in the hypothesis above?

A

then gravitational force will decrease

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32
Q

Many things COULD be different in an experiment.

Why is it so important that all except one (the IV) of those are held “constant” or “controlled”?

A

it is known to not affect the outcome of the experiment

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33
Q

What is a control group?

A

a group where no variable is tested, to be used as a comparison

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34
Q

In the “Brine Shrimp Experiment”, what was different about the control?

A

it only used brine shrimp and water

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35
Q

How does having a control group help scientists understand the results of their experiment?

A

it can be used to compare the experiment to the control group

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36
Q

List the steps to the Scientific Method

A
  1. discover a problem
  2. collect information
  3. form a hypothesis
  4. do the experiment / test your hypothesis
  5. analyze the results
  6. retest
  7. apply your answer
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37
Q

How is velocity both like and unlike speed?

A

Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object’s movement. Both use the unit m/s.

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38
Q

What does velocity have to do with acceleration?

A

a change in velocity is acceleration

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39
Q

What other things could acceleration mean, besides speeding up?

A

slowing down or a change in direction

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40
Q

What is the formula for speed?

A

speed = distance / time

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41
Q

How can you use that formula to solve for s, d, or t, when two are provided? (hint: use the “triangle” trick)

A

(draw triangle on card)

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42
Q

A girl cycles for 3hrs at a speed of 40 km/h. What distance did she travel?

A

120 km/h

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43
Q

A car travels a distance of 540 km in 6 hours. At what speed did it travel?

A

90 km/h

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44
Q

How long does it take to drive a distance of 260 miles at a speed of 65 mph?

A

4 hours

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45
Q

m/s2 could also be written as m/s/s. Why is it squared or, in other words, why is there a second “s”?

A

Since velocity is measured in meters per second, and change of velocity in the next second would be the change in meters per second, per second

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46
Q

m/s and m/s2 are both units. Which one is for speed and which one is for acceleration?

A

speed = m/s
acceleration = m/s/s

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47
Q

What TWO things does a vector have? (speed is an example, but not the answer)

A

magnitude and direction

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48
Q

Inertia is NOT a force. What is it?

A

property of matter

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49
Q

What makes something have more or less inertia?

A

mass

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50
Q

Which of Newton’s laws is about inertia?

A

Newton’s 1st Law

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51
Q

Explain how Inertia FEELS different when accelerating (speeding up, slowing down, and turning) a full shopping cart compared to an empty one.

A

accelerating a full shopping cart would be harder than accelerating a empty one

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52
Q

What causes a change in motion?

A

unbalanced forces

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53
Q

What are other ways you could say the answer above?

A

unequal forces

54
Q

What word means resistance to change in motion? (Not friction).

A

inertia

55
Q

What is a reference point?

A

a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion

56
Q

What is a frame of reference?

A

a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is missing

57
Q

A man is on a moving train. He looks out the window and drops a ball. To him, the ball falls straight down, but to a woman standing outside the train, the ball falls diagonally.

Do they have different reference points or different frames of reference?

A

different frame of reference

58
Q

What is an applied force? Provide an example.

A

a direct push or pull (pushing or pulling a disk)

59
Q

What is normal force? Provide an example.

A

an upward force that supports the weight of an object (sitting on a chair)

60
Q

What is frictional force? Provide an example.

A

pushes opposite direction of movement (person pushing on a door)

61
Q

What is gravitational force? Provide an example.

A

pulls objects towards the center of the Earth (apple falling from a tree)

62
Q

What is static friction?

A

friction that acts on objects when resulting on surfaces

63
Q

What does static friction turn into when an object begins to move?

A

kinetic friction

64
Q

What are the 3 other types of friction?

A

sliding, rolling, fluid

65
Q

What is the definition of net force?

A

the total of two or more forces that act on an object

66
Q

The following forces are at work on a block of wood.
Normal of 10N up
Gravity of 10 N down
Applied force of 12N right
Static friction of 10 N resisting the applied force

What is the net force?

A

2N right

67
Q

Is it balanced or unbalanced?

A

unbalanced

68
Q

Will there be a change in motion?

A

yes

69
Q

Describe the change in motion (300N right)

A

it would move to the right due to unbalanced forces

70
Q

When will an object experience a CHANGE in motion? (What will cause it)?

A

unbalanced forces

71
Q

What must the net force be, in order for there to be a change in motion, in terms of a number?

A

greater than 0

72
Q

What must the net force be, in a word?

A

not zero

73
Q

Also called the law of ______________. (Newton’s 1st Law)

A

inertia

74
Q

An object in motion…

A

stays in motion

75
Q

An object at rest…

A

stays at rest

76
Q

Unless…

A

acted on by an unbalanced force

77
Q

To get the same acceleration as a smaller object, a more massive object would need ________ force.

A

more

78
Q

If two objects have the same mass, to get more acceleration one object would need ___________ force applied.

A

more

79
Q

If the same force was applied to two objects of different mass, the more massive object would accelerate more ___________.

A

slowly

80
Q

If the same force was applied to two objects of different mass, the less massive object would accelerate more ___________.

A

rapidly

81
Q

If 2 objects were accelerating at the same rate, but object A had double the mass of object B, what would be true about the force applied to object B? It would be ___________ the force being applied to object A.

A

half

82
Q

If 2 objects were accelerating at the same rate and they both had the same mass, what would be true about the forces being applied to them? The forces must be _____________.

A

the same

83
Q

How much force is needed to accelerate a 66 kg skier at 2 m/s2? (and what is the unit?)

A

132N

84
Q

What is the acceleration of a 50 kg object pushed with a force of 500 newtons? (and what is the unit?)

A

10 m/s/s

85
Q

What is the mass of the object? A force of 250 N is applied to an object that accelerates at a rate of 5 m/s2. (and what is the unit?)

A

50 kg

86
Q

What is the force on a 1000 kg elevator that is falling freely at 9.8 m/s2? (and what is the unit?)

A

9,800N

87
Q

Calculate the acceleration of the object. A force of 20 N acts upon a 5 kg block. (and what is the unit?)

A

4 m/s/s

88
Q

What is the mass? A bowling ball rolled with a force of 15 N accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s2. (and what is the unit?)

A

5 kg

89
Q

A golf ball and a ping pong ball are both pushed with equal force. The ________ has a greater change in motion (acceleration) because it has less _________ and therefore less ____________.

A
  1. ping pong ball
  2. mass
  3. inertia
90
Q

What is the law? For every action, there is an ___________ and ___________ reaction.

A
  1. equal
  2. opposite
91
Q

If a ball and a bat collide, the force pair would be the
Force of the ______ on ________ and the
Force of the ______ on ________

A
  1. bat, ball
  2. ball, bat
92
Q

The one that has the greatest change in motion would be the one with the
least _________ because it has less ________.

A
  1. mass
  2. inertia
93
Q

A golf ball and a ping pong ball are both pushed with equal force.
The _________ ball will accelerate more because it has _______ mass and therefore ________ inertia.

A
  1. ping pong
  2. less
  3. less
94
Q

The golf ball and ping pong ball collide (hit each other) and the forces they exert on each other are a force pair.
Even though the forces from this collision are ___________ in magnitude and in ____________ direction,
the __________ ball will have greater CHANGE in motion because it has _____ inertia.

A
  1. equal
  2. opposite
  3. ping pong
  4. less
95
Q

What is the definition of momentum?

A

the amount of motion of a moving mass

96
Q

What 2 factors affect the amount of momentum an object has?

A

mass and velocity

97
Q

What is the formula for momentum?

A

momentum (p) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

98
Q

What is its momentum? A 2,000 kg truck has a velocity of 35 m/s east.

A

70,000p

99
Q

What is its velocity? An 8 kg ball is rolling in a straight line towards you. If it’s momentum is 16 kg*m/s.

A

2 m/s

100
Q

What is the car’s mass? The momentum of a car traveling in a straight line at 20 m/s is 24,500 kg*m/s.

A

1,225 kg

101
Q

If two objects are traveling at the same speed but one has more mass, which will have more momentum?

A

the larger mass

102
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

the ability to do work

103
Q

What is potential energy?

A

energy stored in a object

104
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy of a moving object

105
Q

What is electrical energy? KE or PE?

A

energy of particles moving through a wire. KE

106
Q

What is mechanical energy? KE or PE?

A

energy of objects in motion. KE

107
Q

What is sound and what does it need in order to travel? KE or PE?

A

form of energy we can hear. vibrations of waves. KE

108
Q

What is a big science word for light? What can light travel through that sound cannot? KE or PE?

A

electromagnetic waves. vacuum. KE

109
Q

What is thermal energy? In what direction does thermal energy travel? KE or PE?

A

energy of molecules in motion. the direction of the temperature. KE

110
Q

What is a magnetic field? Is it KE or PE?

A

a magnetic force is experienced by a magnetic object. PE

111
Q

What is elastic energy? KE or PE?

A

energy stored in objects that are stretched. PE

112
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

energy is neither created or destroyed

113
Q

What three things CAN energy do (considering what the law above says it cannot do)?

A
  1. heat transfer
  2. electrical work
  3. mechanical work
114
Q

What is Energy Transformation?

A

when energy changes from one form to another

115
Q

Describe all of the energy transformations that happen between energy coming from the sun [light] and your writing [mechanical].

A

solar energy turns into electrical energy and into mechanical energy for writing

116
Q

What is Energy Transfer?

A

the movement of energy from one location to another

117
Q

Describe an energy transfer when you ride a bicycle.

A

your mechanical energy is transferred from your feet to the pedals

118
Q

Describe an energy transfer when you kick a ball.

A

your mechanical energy is transferred form your feet to the ball

119
Q

What is mass?

A

the amount of matter in an object

120
Q

Gravity is a pull-only FORCE that can act at a distance (not touching). It can be written as “Fg” where F is force and g is gravity.

What affects the strength of gravity’s pull?
More mass = __________ gravity
More distance = _________ gravity

A
  1. more
  2. less
121
Q

What is weight?
Weight is the force of _________ pulling on an object’s mass.
The SI unit for weight is _________, since it is a force.

A
  1. gravity
  2. newton
122
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

weight = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)

123
Q

What makes gravity on Mars different from gravity on Earth?

A

Mars has less mass and is smaller, leading to weaker gravity

124
Q

Earth’s gravity is ___________ than Mars’ gravity because it has _______ mass.

A
  1. stronger
  2. more
125
Q

Gravity on Earth causes objects to accelerate at a rate of 9.8 m/s2.
We can round that up to __________ (include units)

A

10 m/s/s

126
Q

For a 0.2 kg apple, the mass is 0.2 kg regardless of where it is. That’s how much apple there is in the apple. It can be on Earth, on the Moon, on Mars, or floating in space–the mass stays the same.

For the same apple, using the formula above, calculate the weight in Newtons. Don’t forget to include the unit.
On Earth, the WEIGHT will be
0.2 kg*9.8 m/s2 = _______ N

A

1.96

127
Q

On the Moon, the WEIGHT will be
0.2 kg*1.62 m/s2 = _______ N

A

0.324

128
Q

What do mass and weight have in common?

A

weight is the force exerted in an object due to gravity

129
Q

How are mass and weight different?

A

mass is a constant and weight is variable

130
Q

The Sun has MUCH more mass than the Moon. Why does the moon affect our ocean tides more than the sun, while the sun has more mass?
The sun’s gravity affects our ocean tides less than the moon because the sun is __________ and gravity gets weaker with more ___________.

A
  1. farther
  2. distance
131
Q

Terminal velocity describes balanced forces (but that’s not the answer). When falling, objects are pulled down by gravity and they are constantly accelerating until they reach their “terminal velocity.”

The OTHER force acting on falling objects is ___________.

A

air resistance

132
Q

When the forces of gravity and _________ become ____________, then the object has reached its “terminal velocity.”

A
  1. air resistance
  2. equal

Week 13 Vocab (4 decks)

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