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Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Aneja et al. (2018)

A

Case study of early-onset schizophrenia

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2
Q

Case study of early-onset schizophrenia

A

Aneja et al. (2018)

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3
Q

Lakeman (2001)

A

Māori culture for schizophrenia

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4
Q

Māori culture for schizophrenia

A

Lakeman (2001)

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5
Q

Sensky et al. (2000)

A

Patients in the experimental group showed continued improvement even at 9-month follow-up while the control group did not.

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6
Q

Patients in the experimental group showed continued improvement even at 9-month follow-up while the control group did not.

A

Sensky et al. (2000)

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7
Q

Gottesman and Shields (1972)

A

Twin study; 48% MZ and 17% DZ

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8
Q

Twin study; 48% MZ and 17% DZ

A

Gottesman and Shields (1972)

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9
Q

Gottesman (1991)

A

Family study; 1% general population and increasing population as the family relation gets closer

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10
Q

Family study; 1% general population and increasing population as the family relation gets closer

A

Gottesman (1991)

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11
Q

Hilker et al. (2017)

A

Heritability = 79%

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12
Q

Heritability = 79%

A

Hilker et al. (2017)

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13
Q

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)

A

Schizophrenia is polygenic.

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14
Q

Schizophrenia is polygenic.

A

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)

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15
Q

Tienari et al. (2000)

A

Adoption study; 6.7% biological mothers with schizophrenia and 4% biological mothers without schizophrenia

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16
Q

Adoption study; 6.7% biological mothers with schizophrenia and 4% biological mothers without schizophrenia

A

Tienari et al. (2000)

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17
Q

Kim et al (2020)

A

Schizophrenia linked with deletion of COMT gene

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18
Q

Schizophrenia linked with deletion of COMT gene

A

Kim et al (2020)

19
Q

Egan et al (2001)

A

“Val” allele of COMT gene is associated with decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex

20
Q

“Val” allele of COMT gene is associated with decreased dopamine in the prefrontal cortex

A

Egan et al (2001)

21
Q

St Clair et al (1990)

A

In a large family with unusually high rate of schizophrenia, 34 family members carried the DISC1 gene.

22
Q

In a large family with unusually high rate of schizophrenia, 34 family members carried the DISC1 gene.

A

St Clair et al (1990)

23
Q

Lindstrom et al. (1999)

A

High dosage of L-Dopa in Parkinson’s patients causes hallucinations.

24
Q

High dosage of L-Dopa in Parkinson’s patients causes hallucinations.

A

Lindstrom et al. (1999)

25
Q

Tenn et al. (2003)

A

Amphetamine increases dopamine activity in rats, causing strange movements and social withdrawal.

26
Q

Amphetamine increases dopamine activity in rats, causing strange movements and social withdrawal.

A

Tenn et al. (2003)

27
Q

Depatie and Lal (2001)

A

Apomorphine (dopamine agonist) does not worsen symptoms in schizophrenic patients nor trigger symptoms in normal people.

28
Q

Apomorphine (dopamine agonist) does not worsen symptoms in schizophrenic patients nor trigger symptoms in normal people.

A

Depatie and Lal (2001)

29
Q

Allan et al. (2007)

A

People with schizophrenia who hear voices were more likely to say their own words were spoken by someone else compared to a healthy control group.

Brain activity was the same whether it was another speaker or themselves, and distorted or not. Control participants showed different brain activities.

30
Q

People with schizophrenia who hear voices were more likely to say their own words were spoken by someone else compared to a healthy control group.

Brain activity was the same whether it was another speaker or themselves, and distorted or not. Control participants showed different brain activities.

A

Allan et al. (2007)

31
Q

Garety et al. (1991)

A

A jar of green and pink beads. 2 conditions (green more, pink more).

People with schizophrenia requested fewer beads to be removed.

They were more likely to change their mind based on a single piece of evidence. (1 pink after 4 green = more pink)

32
Q

A jar of green and pink beads. 2 conditions (green more, pink more).

People with schizophrenia requested fewer beads to be removed.

They were more likely to change their mind based on a single piece of evidence. (1 pink after 4 green = more pink)

A

Garety et al. (1991)

33
Q

Zhao et al. (2016)

A

Meta analysis; over 10,000 people, 18 different antipsychotics, 56 random control trials

17 drugs had lower relapse rates than placebos. This reduces hospital admissions.

*4 of the drugs performed no better than placebos.

34
Q

Meta analysis; over 10,000 people, 18 different antipsychotics, 56 random control trials

17 drugs had lower relapse rates than placebos. This reduces hospital admissions.

*4 of the drugs performed no better than placebos.

A

Zhao et al. (2016)

35
Q

Howes et al. (2017)

A

Drug treatments are ineffective for 30-70% of people.

36
Q

Drug treatments are ineffective for 30-70% of people.

A

Howes et al. (2017)

37
Q

Petrides et al. (2015)

A

Small American sample (n = 39)

50% of the sample showed a reduction in symptoms of 40% or more when their usual dose of clozapine was combined with ECT.

38
Q

Small American sample (n = 39)

50% of the sample showed a reduction in symptoms of 40% or more when their usual dose of clozapine was combined with ECT.

A

Petrides et al. (2015)

39
Q

Melzer-Ribeiro et al. (2017)

A

No significant difference in the improvement of participants in the ECT experimental and placebo groups.

40
Q

No significant difference in the improvement of participants in the experimental (ECT) and placebo groups.

A

Melzer-Ribeiro et al. (2017)

41
Q

Wang et al. (2018a)

A

Meta-analysis of 18 random control trials (17 in China)

ECT was found to be highly effective and relatively safe.

*Due to high power-distance culture, Chinese patients may have had high expectancy effects.

42
Q

Meta-analysis of 18 random control trials (17 in China)

ECT was found to be highly effective and relatively safe.

*Due to high power-distance culture, Chinese patients may have had high expectancy effects.

A

Wang et al. (2018a)

43
Q

Sensky et al. (2000)

A

Patients in the experimental group showed continued improvement even at 9-month follow-up while the control group did not.

44
Q

Patients in the experimental group showed continued improvement even at 9-month follow-up while the control group did not.

A

Sensky et al. (2000)

Psychology (11 decks)

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