Sap Suckers

Question 1

How do homopterans metamorphose?

Answer 1

Hemimetabulous (larva grows to look more and more like adult)

Question 2

What do the homopterans feed on?

Answer 2

Sap

(Needles / under leaves)

(Bark/ New growth)

Weak mouthparts are restricted to susceptible tissue

Question 3

Homoptera characteristics

Answer 3

Mobile for movement, become sessile once they begin feeding.

Dispersal by wind, wings, crawling, herded by ants.

Question 4

Aphid vs Adelgid

Answer 4

Aphid: naked, both conifers and deciduous, cornicles (exude sap)

Adelgids: wooly or in galls, conifer only, no cornicles.

Question 5

General Symptoms (not signs)

Answer 5

Chlorotic Foliage

Yellow Leaf Spots

Early Needle / leaf drop

Kinked needles (especially Cooley spruce Adelgid)

Question 6

Signs

Answer 6

Aphid: bugs, honeydew, black sooty mold (mold grows on honeydew that drips from aphid cornicles)

Adelgid: galls and wooly tufts

Question 7

What are some common predators

Answer 7

Ladybugs, lacewings, hover flies

Parasitoids: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, tachinids

Question 8

Where does the pesticide pyrethrum come from?

Answer 8

Chrysanthemums

Question 9

Main Orders of sap suckers

Answer 9

Homoptera: adelgids and aphids