sampling

Question 1

target population?

Answer 1

group of people researcher is interested in

Question 2

sampling frame?

Answer 2

soup of people from he target population from which the sample is to be drawn

Question 3

sample?

Answer 3

people who are selected to take part in the research

Question 4

representative?

Answer 4

how closely the final sample represent the target population

Question 5

generalisation?

Answer 5

applying findings to the target population

Question 6

what are the 6 sampling techniques?

Answer 6

1. random
2. self-selected / volunteer
3. stratified / quota
4. opportunistic
5. systematic
6. snowball

Question 7

define random?

Answer 7

sample produced by using a random technique, every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 8

define snowball?

Answer 8

relies on referrals from initial participants to generate additional participants

Question 9

define opportunity?

Answer 9

sample produced by selecting people who are most easily available at the time

Question 10

define stratified/quota?

Answer 10

sample produced by identifying subgroups according to their frequency in the target population. participants then selected randomly from the subgroup

Question 11

define systematic?

Answer 11

sample obtained by selecting every nth person. can be random sample to select your group then you select every nth person after that.

Question 12

define self selected ?

Answer 12

sample relief soles on volunteers to make up the sample

Question 13

advantage and disadvantage of opportunity?

Answer 13

advantage = quick, convenient, economical compared to other methods
disadvantage = unrepresentative and often biased by the researcher chi will likely choose helpful people.

Question 14

A + D of self-selected / volunteer sample?

Answer 14

A = convenient and ethical as it leads to informed consent as they’re chosen to take part.
D = unrepresentative as it leads to bias on the part of the participant (daytime advert would not attract full time workers) sample also biased as participants are more likely to be motivated and guess the aims of the study

Question 15

A+ D of random?

Answer 15

A = for large sample it provides the best chance of unbiased representative data as everyone has an equal chance
D = time consuming to create a list of each individual. if sample is too small could still lead to bias as it may not represent all the subgroups.

Question 16

A + D of systematic?

Answer 16

A = unbiased and objective way which should lead to unbiased sample. less time consuming than other methods
D = if sample too small could still be biased, if the individuals are selected to take part they may not want to.

Question 17

A + D of snowball?

Answer 17

A = good technique to reach hard to reach target populations.
D = representativeness isn’t guaranteed, since participants select other members for the sample bias is likely. Initial participants participants will have an impact on the rest of the sample.

Question 18

A + D of stratified / quota ?

Answer 18

A = highly representative of target population and therefore can generalise results obtained
D = gathering sample would be time consuming and difficult to do because you have to find out the proportions of the different subgroups in the population. This method is rarely used in psychology