SA Periodontal disease

Question 1

Plaque

Answer 1

Biofilm covering the tooth

Question 2

What type of bacteria are most associated with plaque?

Answer 2

Gram +ves, aerobes in the initial structure. Gram -ves in the late structure which are proinflammatory

Question 3

What predisposing factors influence plaque deposition?

Answer 3

Breed (particularly brachy), immunocompromised, developmental (retained deciduous), low body mass, diet

Question 4

Calculus

Answer 4

Mineralised plaque - supra and subgingival

Question 5

Aetiology of gingivitis?

Answer 5

Bacterial enzymatic digestion and immune response (reversible)

Question 6

Peridontitis

Answer 6

Destruction of periodontal tissue and tooth attachment (irreversible)

Question 7

What conditions can arise due to malocclusion?

Answer 7

Soft tissue trauma, abnormal tooth contact, periodontal disease

Question 8

Outline the pathogenesis of periodontal disease

Answer 8

1. Plaque and calculus deposited on the tooth, no gingival detachment, marginal gingivitis
2. Plaque and calculus extends down the sulcus and bone begins to receed
3. Plaque and calculus further extend, further bone recession
4. Extensive plaque and calculus deposited throughout the rooth and crown. Severe bone and gum loss

Question 9

What clinical signs may be indicative of periodontal disease?

Answer 9

• Salivation +/-blood
• Gingivitis
• Motility
• Plaque and calculus
• Purulent discharge

Question 10

What treatment goals are aimed at for periodontal disease treatment?

Answer 10

• Chlorhex/ Ab - reduce bacterial load
• Remove plaque and calculus - supra and subgingival debridement & polishing
• Sucular lavage
• Extraction
• Surgery