Russia Flashcards
Describe the events of Bloody Sunday
Striking factory workers in St Petersburg marched to the winter palace
The march was led by father Gapon, allegedly a police spy
The criwd was large but peaceful
Marchers wore their Sunday clothes, sang hymns and carried icons
The workers wanted to petition the tsar about their poor working conditions low pay and long hours
The soldiers present panicked and opened fire, killing and injuring many
Describe the hardship faced by industrial workers in Russia
Wages were low and working conditions were low High number of deaths from accidents Working hours were very long Poor living conditions No privacy Under survallience by okhrana
Describe lenins return to Russia
Germany helped Lenin return to Russia
Lenin traveled to Finland in a sealed train
Lening arrived at the Finland station in Petrograd
Lenin immediatly gave a speech calling for a second revolution
Lenin called for non cooperation with the provisional government
Lenin called for an end to the war
Lenin demanded the peasants to be given land
Lenin said the soviets should control russia
Explain the reasons why the Orthodox Church was important in tsarist Russia
Most Russians were religious
Close link between the church and the tsar
The church supported the tsars rule
The church encouraged people to regard the tsar as their little father
The Orthodox Church was the largest in Russia
The church was wealthy
The church controlled education
Explain the reasons why the tsar was able to remain in power following the 1905 revolution
The tsar announced his October manifesto
The October manifesto accepted cabinet government, free speech and a constitution for Russia
A limited vote was extended to the peasants and the industrial workers
Many liberals accepted these terms and ceased opposing the tsar
Right wing supporters of the tsar began a wave of attacks in Jews and liberal intellectual who had continued heir opposition
The troops remained loyal to the tsar and crushed opposition in Moscow
The general strike came to an end as the Middle classes withdrew their support
Explain why the Russians wet so discontent by 1917
The war was going badly
Defeats and losses were blamed on the tsar and tsarina
The influence of Rasputin
The peasants opposed conscription
The middle classes wanted democratic reform
The workers faced shortages inflation and unemployment
Explain why the Bolsheviks were able to gain power in October 1927
The provisional government lacked legitimate authority to rule Russia
The PG failed to solve key problems eg food shortages rising prices and unemployment
The PG lost popularity as it continued the war and failed to deliver reforms in land ownership and living conditions
Kerenksy and PG were Seen as weakand were taken by surprise of the Bolsheviks
Lenin and Bolsheviks were organised and strong
The Bolsheviks had weapons
The Bolsheviks had a great support in Petrograd and moscowand gained control of the local soviets
The B had military support
Propaganda
Why did the Bolsheviks beat the whites?
Mainly trotskys leadership Propaganda Travelled in an armoured train Whites were unorganised They didn't have good communication The Reds owned most of Russia anyway
How Nicholas II controlled Russia
Nicholas used force to crush opposition(army and okhrana)
He was supported by powerful and wealthy landowners
The church supported him
He was able to choose his own ministers and high officials
The legal system was designed to support the tsar. Enemies were exiled to other places so they weren’t a threat to the tsar
The weaknesses of the tsarist Russia
Tsar Nicholas was an autocrat, he Carries out all the business of government alone without a secretary
There were many nationalities languages and religions
The sheer size of Russia spread across Europe and Asia made government difficult
Russia had been humiliated in the war with Japan
Russia was beginning to industrialis, poverty and poor conditions
Oppositions to the government social revolutionaries Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
The causes of the 1905 revolution
Domestic factors
There was growing poverty among the workers
Unemployment
Food shortages
There were cruelty of the tsars government
Role of Russo Japanese war
The tsar hoped for a short successful war
The war had gone very badly and the tsar was blamed
There was stories of soldiers and sailors being killed because of the incompetence of their leaders
Reasons why the PG failed
Problems in the countryside Peasants were fed up waiting for land Violence in the countryside Food and fuel shortages Problems with army Many refused to fight Military discipline was clearly collapsing The decision to continue with war Suffering and hardship Troops remained loyal to the regime Kerenksy was not a good leader Lenin was powerful and determined Good leader
The effects if military defeat and economic hardship
The war started horrendous due to large deaths
The failure of command, the Russian army was badly led the Germans could intercept their communication because it wasn’t coded
Trenches poorly built
Failure of military supplies
6400000 men shared 4600000 rifles with necessarily no bullets
Not enough clothes
Discipline broke down
Economic hardship
Unpopularity of the regime
War Rasputin Alexandria (spy) Food shortages Brutality of the regime Duma Incompetence of the tsar
Reasons for the success of the October Rev
Weaknesses of PG allowed Bolsheviks to overthrow them
The economic problems, failed to feed people
PG badly led by kerenksky
Kerensky was always drunk and addicted to drugs
Lenin and the B were ruthless and professional and organised
