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A - RSC550 - Research & Writing > RSC550 Ch 3 & 4 - Referencing & Thesis purpose > Flashcards

RSC550 Ch 3 & 4 - Referencing & Thesis purpose Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reference manager?

A

Reference or Citation manager - software package - allows researchers, writers & authors to collect, organize and use bibliographic references or citations.

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2
Q

Benefits - reference manager?

A
  • Saves time - efficient way keeping track of references.
  • Reduce errors - not having to type out every reference manually.
  • Consistent referencing - reduce error.
  • Keep track of references, create bibliographies and collaborate with other researchers/authors.
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3
Q

Mendeley

A
  • Software - helps researchers manage references.
    -Can collaborate with others.
    -Accessed online and offline - Windows and Mac - Chrome and Word.
    -Create bibliographies and citations.
    -Store, organize and search references from one library
    -Easier add to google docs.
    -Can annotate, read and highlight available pdf’s
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4
Q

Mendeley Pro’s

A
  • Increased collaboration.
  • Portability easier - install different devices
  • Browser plugin - Firefox and Chrome.
  • Free.
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5
Q

Mendeley Cons

A
  • Not allow edit subscripts and subscript characters.
  • Only if access to plugin/DOI can generate.
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6
Q

Build Mendeley Library

A
  • Drag & Drop pdfs into Mendeley - search and generate citations&bibliography
  • Import files from computer
  • Manually create entry or DOI lookup.
  • Import and sync content - Word and Internet.
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7
Q

Mendeley Citations in Word

A
  • Individual or multiple references into doc
  • Edit reference in citation
  • Generate a bibliography
  • Choose preferred citation style
  • Refresh citations
  • Cite seamlessly, less errors
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8
Q

APA Referencing -Direct Phrases

A
  • Author-date citation style.
  • Widely used - health and social sciences.
  • Directs reader to detailed entries.
  • Direct quotations - add page #.
  • Paraphrases - use (para.) if no page # - eg (Drew, 2002, para. 4) or (Marvind, 2009, introduction, para. 12).
  • Video or Audio sources - timestamp
  • Powerpoint presentation - slide #.
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9
Q

APA - abbreviation for?

A

American Psychological Association - 7th edition.

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10
Q

How do you cite classics?

A
  • Major classics s.a. Shakespeare - standard numbering system across editions & translations.
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11
Q

APA referencing - one or more authors, no authors, same authors

A
  • Surnames and year of publication - only use initials is need to distinguish eg two Smiths, different articles.
  • No author - first words of title - eg (Eating Disorders, 2020).
  • Three or more authors - first author + et al.’
  • Author is organisation - use in full first citation and abbreviation if use more than twice.
  • Same author, different articles/reference - (Smith, 2011a) and (Smith, 2011b).
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12
Q

APA - separate citations and secondary citations

A
  • If move between, use citations after each sentence to clearly indicate which belongs to which author.
  • Secondary sources - ‘cited in’.
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13
Q

APA - cite multiple sources

A
  • One citations, multiple sources - separate with semicolon in same order as in reference list.
  • Multiple information, same author, one paragraph - start with According to Travis (2011) … not repeat after each sentence.
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14
Q

APA - cite and reference correspondence

A
  • Email and personal interviews - not in reference list, cited as (Klaasen, personal communication, May 3, 2024).
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15
Q

APA - Rules re long citations

A
  • Long quotations - 40 words or more - separate indented paragraph.
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16
Q

APA - % of the paper that can be citations?

A
  • No more than 10% of the paper should be cited; otherwise, it is considered over-cited.
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17
Q

Reference List:

A

At the end of the paper.
Bold, middle & top of new page
Purpose - help the reader find materials used in the paper.

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18
Q

Reference List: Page Format

A
  • Start on new page.
  • Use double-spacing, no extra spaces between entries.
  • the word ‘References’ is centred and bold at top of page.
  • Use hanging indent - start at left margin, indent subsequent lines on tab space/five spaces.
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19
Q

Reference List: Order

A
  • List alphabetically according to author surname.
  • No author, title, name or organisation count as ‘author’ and use accordingly in alphabetical order.
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20
Q

Reference List: Names

A
  • Spell surname, only initials separated by a full stop: Klaasen, L.C.
  • Use order of authors on paper, not change it.
21
Q

Reference List: Multiple authors

A
  • Up to 20 authors - list all in order appear on paper.
  • More than 20: list 19 … and last author.
22
Q

Reference List: one author, multiple citations/references

A
  • List in order of years published. Klaasen (2020), Klaasen (2024).
  • if same year, alphabetize and label a,b,c (Klaasen, 2024a), (Klaasen, 2024b)
23
Q

Reference List: Dates

A
  • Book - usually on copyright page behind title.
  • Website - use ‘Last Updated’ or (n.d.)
  • Republished - original date (Original work published 1815).
24
Q

Reference List: Capitalization

A
  • Book title, subtitle, chapter or article: Capitalize only first word and any proper nouns.
  • Journal, Magazine and Newspaper - capitalize all major words.
25
Q

Reference List: Italics

A
  • Italicize titles of books, journals, magazines and newspapers.
  • Italicize volume numbers in journal references.
  • Not italicize - article and chapter titles.
26
Q

Reference List: Publication info

A

Only include name of Publisher.
If author also publisher, not repeat.
- For articles - include volume, issue and page numbers.

27
Q

Reference List: Databases

A

APA do not include database name, except if exclusively available on that database - eg COCHRAN.
- if include, in italics.

28
Q

Reference List: DOIs

A
  • DOI - Digital Object Identifier
  • Permanent number allocated wherever published
  • Do not add a period at end.
  • If document has a DOI, have to include it.
29
Q

Reference List: URL

A
  • If electronic source has DOI, don’t include URL.
  • Not use a URL specific to a library as reader may not be able to view it.
  • only include URL where login is not required.
  • Do not put period at end of URL.
  • Not add ‘retrieval date’
30
Q

Reference List: Retrieval Dates

A
  • Add only is source change over time, such as online library, Google maps or blog post.
  • Wikipedia pages are archived and not need retrieval date.
31
Q

Reference Example:
Book with Subtitle Reference

A

Fraser, C. (2017). Prairie fires: The American dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder (Italicised). Metropolitan Books.

32
Q

Reference Example:
Book with 2 editors and not author

A

Melendy, R., & Kincaid, C. (Eds.). (2018). Birth order and personality (Italicised). Doubleday.

33
Q

Reference Example:
Essay, Chapter or section in edited work.

A

Gale, D. (2008). Innocence abroad (Italicised). In L.F. Baum (Ed.), The way home (pp. 27-43). Cyclone Press.

34
Q

Reference Example:
Journal article with DOI

A

Slethaug, G. E. (1986). The paradoxical double in Le Guin’s A Wizard of Earthsea (Italiced). Extrapolation, 27(4), 326-333. https://doi.org/10.3828/extr.1986.27.4.326

35
Q

Reference Example:
Magazine article, online, no volume issue or pages

A

Beck, J. (2015, May 3). Science’s love affair with The Lord of the Rings (Italicised). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/05/sciences-love-affair-with-thelord-of- the-rings/392216/

36
Q

Reference Example:
Unsigned entry in a continuously updated, unarchived online dictionary

A

Merriam-Webster. (n.d). Literacy (Italicised). In Merriam-Webster dictionary. Retrieved January 10, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/literacy

37
Q

Reference Example:
Wikipedia entry.

A

Stonehenge (Italicised). (2020, January 16). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge

38
Q

Reference Example:
Website article with author.

A

Spritzler, F. (2017, January 29). 13 ways to prevent type 2 diabetes (Italicised). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/prevent-diabetes

39
Q

Reference Example:
Website article without author or date.

A

What are pulses? (Italicised) (n.d.). Half-Cup Habit. https://pulses.org/nap/what-are-pulses/

40
Q

Definition: Thesis/Dissertation

A

A document written and defended by a graduate student describing research done to earn the graduate degree.

41
Q

Another name - Thesis/Dissertation

A

Postgraduate Research Document.

42
Q

Three main fx’s of Thesis.

A
  1. Communicating Science.
  2. Establish Credentials.
  3. Archiving unpublished material.
43
Q

Fx of Thesis: Communicate science

A
  1. Communicating science:
    - Novel contribution to scientific knowledge.
    - Communicate contribution to other scientists in the field as a journal paper would.
44
Q

Fx of Thesis: Establish credentials

A
  1. Establish credentials:
    - Thesis evaluated as evidence that the author merits credentialing in the field.
    - Audience votes on whether to accept the thesis.
    - Assess author’s understanding of methods, results and implications of work
    - Assess awareness of work’s context in field.
    - Req’s detailed presentation.
45
Q

Req’s of Thesis (Presentation)

A
  • Req’s - Detailed presentation of
    * Methods & Analyses
    * Comprehensive review of past literature
    * Discussion of what results suggest in field.
46
Q

Fx of Thesis: Arhiving unpublished material

A

Thesis often serve as archive, recording unpublished material for future researchers.
Could include detailed methodologies and annotated datasets.

47
Q

Two Thesis Formats

A
  1. Thesis-format Thesis
  2. Paper-format Thesis
48
Q

Def: Thesis-format Thesis

A

Single lengthy doc
May have chapters
Not intended to stand alone
More details than allowed in published journal
Emphasise credentialing and archiving fx’s
Communication fx is implicit

49
Q

Def: Paper-Format Thesis

A
  • Series chapters - manuscripts prepared for journal publication - intro and concluding chapters.
  • Address communication fx.
  • Intro and Conclusion chapters - serve credentialing fx, rarely read outside examining committee.
  • Compartmentalization allow different parts to be tailored to different audiences and fx’s.
  • Req additional work to adapt for journal publication.

A - RSC550 - Research & Writing (7 decks)

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