RPA 2019 misc

Question 1

What is the concern with ground glass nodules?

Answer 1

risk of malignancy

Question 2

When would ground glass nodules require follow up?

Answer 2

If >6mm
1. 1st year - follow up at 6-12 months
2. 2nd year onwards every 2 years for 5 years

Question 3

What is the size of nodules that require follow up?

Answer 3

If 5-8mm

Question 4

Out of the upper and lower lobes, which lobe is associated with malignant lesions in the setting of pulmonary nodules?

Answer 4

Lung nodules located in the upper lobe of the lung are generally considered to have a higher likelihood of being malignant compared to those in other lobes

Question 5

Explain the difference between a nonense and missense mutation

Answer 5

A missense mutation is a mutation that changes the amino acids that are incorporated into a protein. A nonsense mutation is a mutation that introduces a stop codon into the genetic code and prevents the protein from being made completely.

Question 6

What is the clinical relevance of polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 6

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide,

Question 7

What are the two most common valve abnormalities associated with polycystic kidney disease

Answer 7

Mitral valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation are the most common cardiovascular abnormalities associated with ADPKD