rocks and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties

A

Mineral

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2
Q

a solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter

A

Rock

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3
Q

a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number

A

Element

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4
Q

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

A

Compound

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5
Q

a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

A

Crystal

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6
Q

the first prperty that people use to adentify a mineral

A

Color

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7
Q

the way in which a mineral reflects light

A

Luster

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8
Q

the color of a mineral in powdered form

A

Streak

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9
Q

the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces

A

Cleavage

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10
Q

a break in a rock, which results from stress, with or without displacement, including cracks, joints, and faults; also the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces

A

Fracture

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11
Q

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; commonly expressed as grams per cubic centimeter for solids and liquids and as grams per liter for gases

A

Density

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12
Q

a natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably

A

Ore

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13
Q

shiny surface’s on a mineral that doesn’t let light go through it

A

Metallic minerals

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14
Q

dull surface

A

Non-metallic minerals

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15
Q

a mineral, rock, or organic material that can be used as jewelry or an ornament when it is cut and polished

A

Gemstones

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16
Q

rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

A

Igneous rock

17
Q

a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment

A

Sedimentary rock

18
Q

a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes

A

Metamorphic rock